MASTER 
NEGATIVE 

NO.  94-82293- 8 


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Author: 


Batchelder,  Jacob 


Title: 


The  national  accountant 


Place: 


Boston 


Date: 


1861,  [1846] 


MASTER   NEGATIVE  « 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DIVISION 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC  MICROFORM  TARGET 


ORIGINAL  MATERIAL  AS  FILMED  -    EXISTING  BIBLIOGRAPHIC  RECORD 


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MOHTsoMEiY    Batchelder,  Jacob. 

The  national  accountant ;  an  improved  system  of  book- 
keeping by  single  and  double  entry  ...  By  Jacob  Batch- 
elder  ...  Boston,  Ji  Pi  Jowett-and  company;  Cincinnati) 
Bri>rTruman,-1847.-  Brown,  1861. 

56  p.  incl.  forms.    27 J  x  22"*. 


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NATIONAL    ACCOUNTANT. 


On  commencing  business  I  have  tno  books,  r®  SI. 00, 

Casli, 


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NATIONAL    ACCOUNTANT; 


AN 


IMPROVED  SYSTEM  OF  BOOK-KEEPING 


IT 


SINGLE    AND    DOUBLE    ENTEY: 

ILLUSTRATED   BY   APPARATUS;    COMPRISING   NINE   SETS  OF  BOOKS: 

OF   WHICH 

SET  A  EXHIBITS  THE   ORDINARY  METHOD  BY 

SINGLE    ENTRY; 

THE   SETS  NO.  1  AND  2  ARE  USED  IN  CONNECTION  WITH  APPARATUS  TO 

ILLUSTRATE   THE   PRINCIPLES  OF 

DOUBLE  ENTRY; 

FHE  SETS  NO.  3,  4  AND  5,  EXHIBIT  THE  APPLICATION  OF  THESE  PRINCIPLES  TO  ORDINARY  MER. 
CANTILE  TRANSACTIONS ;    NO.  6  APPLIES  THE  SAME  PRINCIPLES  TO  THE  TRANSAC- 
TIONS OF  THE  FARM;   NO.  7  APPLIES  THEM  TO  THOSE  OF  THE  WORK-SHOP 
OR  FACTORY;  AND  NO.  8,  TO  THOSE  OF  A  SPECIAL  PARTNERSHIP. 

THE   CLOSING 

SECTIONS  CONTAIN  THE  MOST  VALUABLE  METHODS  OP  CONTRACTION 

IN  ARITHMETIC, 

TOGETHER   WITH 

VARIOUS  MERCANTILE   FORMS. 


9hb 


BY-  JACOB    BATCHELDER, 

PRECEPTOR  OF  LYNN  ACADEMY. 


BOSTON: 

BROWN     AND     TAGGARD, 

25  &   29   CORNHILL 
1861. 


*\ 


.J 

4 


■i 


/3 


UA4/UJUUf 


tv^KinJrWv'^^J^^j 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1846,  by 

JOHN    P.   JEWETT    AND    COMPANY, 
In  the  Clerk's  OfRce  of  the  District  Court  of  Massachusetts. 


r 


3 


<vs.o 

331 


STEREOTYPED   BT 

GEORGE    A.    CURTIS; 

HEW  ENGLAND  TYPE  AND  STSKEOTYPE  fOCNDKT. 


PREFACE. 


It  is  a  common  remark,  that  "  A  person  cannot  obtain  in  our  schools  a  knowledge  of  Book-Kecping  sufficiently  ihor 
ough  to  enable  him  to  enter  at  once  on  the  application  of  his  knowledge  to  the  actual  business  of  life  *  and  it  is  beliered 
that  pupils  are  more  liable  to  fail  in  the  practical  application  of  the  principles  of  this  science,  than  of  any  of  the  odict 
sciences  taught  in  our  schools. 

To  dispel  the  obscurity  which  has  so  long  prevented  the  pupil  from  pursuing  his  way  with  confidence,  and  to  gire  him, 
in  detail,  a  clear  comprehension  of  the  operations  which  he  has  too  frequently  been  required  to  perform^  not  undtntmadt 
is  the  design  of  the  following  work. 

For  the  last  twelve  years,  the  author  has  applied  the  principles  of  the  system  which  he  now  offers  to  the  public.  Hs 
comes,  therefore,  without  apology,  to  solicit  the  attention  of  thie  friends  of  education  to  a  plan  which  he  is  sure  will  facil- 
itate the  acquisition  of  a  clear  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject  which  it  is  designed  to  illustrate. 

He  has  not  labored  to  present  the  pupil  with  all  the  various  records  of  the  different  branches  of  commerce,  nor  has  he 
sought  to  increase  the  size  of  his  book,  by  diluting  its  contents  with  matter  foreign  from  his  purpose ;  but  he  has  endemv- 
ored  to  produce  a  Key^  to  enable  the  pupil,  by  a  little  practice,  to  open  and  explore  the  intricate  recesses  of  any  branch  cl* 
biiRitw^Hx  »vhich  he  may  select  for  his  occupation,  from  the  tilling  of  the  soil  to  the  planning  of  a  voyage 

In  JUS  work,  the  Inductive  method  has  been  adopted.  It  is  based  on  the  definition  of  Stock,  as  "  The  merchant's  [aufiuljf 
and  sources  of  gain,"  and  presents  to  the  pupil  the  principle  that  it  is  the  general  account  that  receives,  and  luU  the  pmr- 
ticular  article  that  "  Comes  to  you"  which  is  Dr. ;  and  that  it  is  the  general  account  or  division,  which  is  cieditOT  by 
ivhii»  'leparts  from  it.  Being  required  to  treat  every  account  as  if  it  were  a  person,  the  pupil  is  led  from  Stock,  thrmgli 
Vn^  witine  of  a  set  of  books,  performing  as  well  as  recording  the  transactions  of  business,  by  means  of  boxes  used  in 
c«Mu»»vtion  with  the  Ledger;  and  he  at  length  finds  all  his  property  restored  to  the  Stock  box, ready  for  another 
miMiii;  •n*'  1  iflc^nt  branches  of  commerce. 


1 

1 


i 


CONTENTS. 


BOOK-KEEPING. 


Definitions  of  Single  Entrt,  • 

Set  a.,  Single  Entet,     .  •  . 

Definitions  of  Double  Entet, 
Illusteation  by  Appabatus,  ,  , 

Ledgeb  Illustbative,  No.  1,  .  • 

Ledgeb  Illustbative,  No.  2,        •  • 

Double  Entet,  Set  3,  .  . 

Double  Entet,  Set  4,      .  .  . 

Double  Entet,  Cash  Book,  Set  6,  • 
Double  Entet,  Set  5,      .  •  , 

The  Fabmeb's  Sebies,  No.  6,  • 

The  Mechanic's  Sebies,  No.  7,  •  • 

CoMPANT  Accounts,  •  . 

Sebies  of  Compant  A.,  No.  8,     • 
CoNTBAcnoNS  IN  Meecantilb  Abithmetic, 
Mebcantile  Fobms,  •  •  • 


5 
IS 


19 


40 
45 
48 
49 
M 


(1.)   Book-Keeping  is  the  history  of  changing  property. 

(2.)   To  each  form  of  property,  there  is  affixed  a  distinct  name. 

(3.)   There  are  two  methods  of  keeping  accounts  ;  — 

(4)   1.  Single  Entry ;  which  is  the  method  usually  pursued  by  the  retailers  of  numerous  articles  of  small  value; — i 

(5.)   2.  Double  Entry ;  usually  adopted  by  wholesale  merchants,  but  applicable  also  to  an  extensive  retail  business. 

(6.)  Single  Entry  is  used  merely  to  preserve  an  account  of  debt  and  credit  with  the  persons,  with  whom  the  mAwhant 
trades,  without  regard  to  the  condition  of  the  property,  after  the  change  has  been  effected. 

(7.)  Double  Entry  exhibits  the  condition  of  the  merchant's  property,  the  amount  of  each  kind,  and  the  gains  or 
losses  which  he  may  have  incurred,  in  addition  to  the  accounts  contained  in  Single  Entry. 

(8.)   In  Single  Entry  two  books  are  usually  kept ;  the  Waste  or  Day  Book,  and  the  Ledger. 

(9.)   All  transactions  are  recorded  in  the  Waste  Book,  at  the  time  and  in  the  order  in  which  they  occur. 


1.  What  is  Book-Eeeping? 

2.  How  is  property  named? 

3.  llow  many  methods  are  there? 

4.  By  whom  is  Single  Entry  used  ? 

5.  By  whom  is  Doable  Lntry  used? 


6.  What  IS  the  design  of  Single  Entry? 

7.  What  is  the  design  of  Double  Entry  f 

8.  How  many  books  m  Single  Entry? 

9.  How  are  transactions  recorded  ? 


r 


-*%: 


1 
1 


SINGLE  ENTRV. 


WASTE   BOOK  A. 


Boston,  Jan.  1,*1846. 


This  day  I  commenced  business,  with  the  property  and  under  the  liabilities  described  in 
the  following  Inventory,  viz. : 

I  have  merchandise,  valued  at  %  4000  00 

Ready  money,  150o!oO 

NoteofJ.  Dix,  300.00 

.5^Jl*'  100.00 

Account  of  R.  Moore,  150.00 

J.  Alley,  300^00 


I  owe  N.  Brown  on  account,    . 
"      S.  Bent  on  note, 


Dr.  Amos  Lang, 

To  14  lbs.  of  flour,  at  .05  cts., 

"    10   "        sugar,  at  .10 


M 


M 


2. 


Dr.  Benj.  Pond, 

To  25  lbs.  of  flour,  at  .05, 

"     3  lbs.  of  Y.  H.  Tea,  at  .50, 

♦*      6  yds.  of  sheeting,  at  .10, 


Dr.  John  Rand, 
To  7  lbs.  of  board  nails,  at  .06, 
"  8  yds.  of  broadcloth,  at  3.00, 
"  2  gaUons  of  oil,  at  1.25, 


t( 


3. 


Dr.  Job  Pray, 

To  1  fish  Une, 

"    2  oz.  snuff*,  at  .02, 


Dr.  Charles  Gray, 
To  9  yds.  of  cotton  cloth,  at  .12, 
"  5  skeins  of  sewing  silk,  at  .(^, 
"  4  yds.  of  broadcloth,  at  3.50, 


4. 


6. 


Dr.  John  Rand, 

To  20  pairs  of  door  hinges,  at  .08, 

"   22  door  latches,  at  .25, 

"    30  lbs.  of  shingle  nails,  at  .06, 

"    14  sets  of  blind  fastenings,  at  .20, 


Cr.  Benj.  Pond, 

By  20  lbs.  of  butter,  at  .20, 

"    10  doz.  of  eggs,- at  .12^, 


6. 


ti 


Cr.  Amos  Lang, 

By  2  doz.  of  eggs,  at  .12, 

"    1  quarter  of  veal,  20  lbs.,  at  .07, 

"    Cash, 


100.00 
200.00 


.70 
1.00 


1.25 

1.50 

.60 


.42 

24.00 

2.50 


.06 
.04 


1.06 

.30 

14.00 


1.60 
5.50 
1.80 
2.80 


.06 


6350 


300 


26 


15 


11 


w/w^  ' 


cts. 


00 


00 


70 


35 


92 


10 


38 


70 


It 


7flr 


« 


SINGLE  ENTRY. 

WASTE   BOOK  A. 

» 

« 

L. 

Boston,  Jan.  7,  1846. 

« 

*.* 

1 

1 

I 
1 

1 
2 

2 

2 

Dr.  Benj.  Pond, 

To  14  lbs.  of  sugar,  at  .10, 

"      2   "        saleratus,  at  .09, 

"     2  bushels  of  Indian  meal,  at  .70, 

« 

1.40 

.       ,              .18 
1.40 

2 

17 

10 
13 

20 

23 

33 
93 

1 

9S 

Cr.  John  Rand, 

By  40  bush,  of  potatoes,  at  .30, 

"   25  lbs.  of  butter,  at  .20, 

9 

12.00 
5.00 

1 

00     . 

t 

Dr.  Charles  Gray, 
To  2  lbs.  of  tapioca,  at  .12J, 
"   4  lbs.  of  raisins,  at  .10, 

10 

.25 
.40 

65 

Dr.  John  Page, 

To  14  yds.  of  calico,  at  .15, 

"    10  yds.  sheeting,  at  .12,                                                                  ' 

"    15  lbs.  of  loaf  sugar,  at  .16, 

"  21  lbs.  ofcoffee,  at  .12, 

"  40  lbs.  of  salt  fish,  at  .05, 

IJ 

2.10 
1.20 
2.40 
2.52 

2.00 

22 
00 

50 

00 

00 
08 

Ct.  Charles  Gray, 

By  40  bush,  of  potatoes,  at  .25  per  bushel, 
"   ISlbs.  of  butter,  at.  16|, 

19 

10.00 
3.00 

Dr.  John  Nix, 

To  20  yds.  of  cotton,  at  .121, 
"     4  yds.  of  broadcloth,  at  4.00, 
"     1  bush,  of  salt,  at                                 • 
«     2ib8.  ofY.  H.  Tea,at.75, 

2.50 

16.00 

.50 

1.50 

Dr.  Levi  Lord, 

To  2  doz.  knives  and  forks,  at  2.50, 
"    1  dining  set, 
"   1  shovel  and  tongs, 
"   6  smoothing  irons,  at  .50, 
"  3  pairs  of  andirons,  at  1.00, 

lie 

5.00 
8.00 
4.00 
3.00 
3.00 

Cr.  Levi  Lord, 

By  4  doz.  of  brooms,  at  1.00, 
"   10  doz.  of  straw  mats,  at  2.00, 
"  20  wooden  pails,  at  .25, 
'*     1  doz.  of  rakes,  at 
"     3  doz.  of  axe-helves,  at  1.00, 

Iff 

4.00 
20.00 
5.00 
1.00 
3.00 

1 

Dr.  Amos  Lang,                                             % 
To  12  yds.  of  carpeting,  at  .75, 
"    18  yds.  of  sheeting,  at  .12, 
"  20  yds.  of  broadcloth,  at  4.00, 
"    16  yds.  of  calico,  at  .12, 

9.00 

2.16 

80.00 

1.92 

• 

I 


8 


L. 


SINGLE  ENTRY. 

WASTE  BOOK  A. 


Boston,  Jan.  20,  1846. 


Dr.  Benj.  Pond, 

To  56  lbs.  of  flour,  at  .04, 
"   21  lbs.  of  sugar,  at  .09, 
«'     2  lbs.  of  tea,  at  .50, 


Dr.  John  Rand, 

To  20  bushels  of  tomatoes,  at  .33, 
"  28  lbs.  of  coffee,  at  .12, 


Dr.  Job  Pray, 

To  56  lbs.  of  butter,  at  .20, 
«*   25  lbs.  of  cheese,  at  .10, 
"   14  lbs.  of  coffee,  at  .12, 


Dr.  Charles  Gray. 
To  4  quires  of  letter  paper,  at  .20, 
"   1  hundred  pens,  No.  303,  at 


Dr.  John  Page, 

To  50  bushels  of  maize,  at  .80, 
«'   50  bushels  of  oats,  at  .40, 


Cr.  John  Nix, 
By  Cash, 
"   12  bushels  of  com,  at  .75, 


Dr.  Levi  Lord, 

To  2  yds.  of  broadcloth,  at  4.00, 
"   4  yds.  of  cotton  cloth,  at » 12, 


23.. 


.27.. 


-29.. 


u 


.30.. 


-31.- 


2.24 

1.89 
1.00 


6.60 
3.36 


11.20 
2.50 
1.68 


.80 
1.00 


40.00 
20.00 


11.60 
9.00 


8.00 
.48 


» 


9 


15 


60 


20 


8 


cts. 


13 


96 


38 


80 


00 


50 


4S 


.  I 


INDEX  TO   LEDGER  A.,   SINGLE   ENTRY. 


JL 

Fng^ 

M. 

-^ 

Alley  J., 

1 

Moore  B., 

1 

Brown  N., 

& 

1 

.  Nix  John, 

N. 

S 

a 

P. 

- 

Gray  Charles, 

1 

Pond  Benj., 
Pray/ob, 

• 

1 
1 

h. 

Page  John, 

1 

Lang  Amos, 

- 

1 

B. 

Lord  Levi, 

2 

Rand  John, 

1 

^%. 


\ 


i 


■  1 


r 


H' 


10 


SINGLE  ENTRY. 


LEDGER  A. 


^    1846. 

R.  MOORK. 

W. 

Dr.                           Cr. 

Jan.  1. 
"  31. 

To  Stock, 
By  Balance, 

1 

150 

00 

150 

00 

1846. 

J.  Alley. 

Dr.                            Cr. 

Jan.  1. 
"  31. 

To  Stock, 
By  Balance, 

1 

300 

00 

300 

oo' 

1846. 

N.  Brown. 

Dr.                           Cr.          j 

Jan.  1. 
"  31. 

By  Stock, 
To  Balance, 

100 

00 

1 

100 

00 

184j6. 

Amos  Lang. 

Dr.                           Cr. 

Jan.  1. 
"     6. 
"  16. 
"  31. 

To  Sundries, 

To 

By  Balance, 

1 
2 

1 
93 

70 
08 

1 

1 
93 

70 
08 

94 

78 

94 

78 

1846. 

Benj.  Ponu. 

Dr.       •                        Cr. 

Jan.  2. 
"    6. 
«     7. 
"  20. 
"  31. 

To  Sundries, 
By       " 

To       " 

«         It 

By  Balance, 

• 

1 

2 

3 

3 

2 
6 

35 

98 
13 

1 

5 
6 

25 
21 

11 

46 

11        46 

1846. 

• 

John  Rand. 

Dr.                              Cr. 

Jan.  2. 
"    5. 
"     7. 
«  23. 
"  31. 

To  Sundries, 

By       " 
To       « 
By  Balance, 

1 
1 

3 

26 
11 

9 

92 
70 

96 

2 

17 
31 

00 

58 

48 

58 

r  1  48 

58 

1846. 

Job  Prat. 

Dr.             *              Or.          1 

Jan.  3. 
"  27. 
"  31. 

To  Sundries, 
((         it 

By  Balance, 

1 
3 

15 

10 
38 

15 

48 

15 

48 

15 

48 

1846. 

Charles  Gray. 

Dr.                             Cr. 

Jan.  4. 
"     9. 
"  11. 
"  29. 
"  31. 

To  Sundries, 

By 
To 

By  Balance, 

• 

1 
2 

3 

15 
1 

38 

65 

80 

2 

13 
4 

00 

17 

83 

17 

83 

1846. 

John  Page. 

Dr.                           Cr. 

Jan.  10. 
«     29. 
«     31. 

To  Sundries, 
By  Balance, 

« 

2 
3 

10 
60 

22 

00 

70 

22 

70 

22 

70 

22 

SINGLE  ENTRY. 


LEDGER  A. 


II 


1846. 


John  Nix. 


W. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


Jan.  12. 
"     30. 


To  Sundries, 
By 


20 


50 


20 


SO 


1846. 


Levi  Lord. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


Jan.  13. 

(t 

15. 

«i 

31. 

(1 

<t 

To  Sundries, 

By        " 

To 

To  Balance, 


2 

23 

00 

2 

33 

3 

8 

48 

1 

52 

33 

00 

33 

00 


00 


See  Cash  Book  No.  5,  Double  Entry,  for  a  formula  of  a  suitable  kind  for  Single  Entry. 

LEDGER  B.  from  LEDGER  A. 


1846. 

John  Page.                                                    L. 

Dr.                             Cr. 

Feb.  1. 

To  Balance  from  Ledger  A., 

1 

80 

22 

1846. 

Levi  Lord. 

Dr.                             Cr.           1 

Feb.  1. 

By  Balance  from  Ledger  A., 

2 

1 

52 

In  like  manner,  transfer  the  other  Balances. 

DOUBLE  ENTRY, 


13 


If  only  one  half  of  the  cloth  had  heen  paid  for,  the  Journal  and  Ledger  would  have  stood  thus ;  —  the  Journal  exhibits. 


Merchandise,  Dr. 

M  «( 


to  Cash, 
to  J.  Dix, 


60 
60 


00 
00 


1 


BOOK-KEEPING 


BY 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


(1.)    All  the  property  and  the  rexmirces  of  the  merchant,  while  they  are  inactive,  are  denominated  Stock. 
■    (2.)    When  properly  is  used  for  purposes  of  gain,  it  receives  a  name  appropriate  to  its  character. 

(3.)    With  every  form  of  propeny  the  accountant  keeps  an  account,  as  he  does  with  every  person  with  whom  he  deals. 

(4.)  In  all  changes  of  property,  the  person  or  form  of  property  that  receives,  is  debtor  to  that  which  parts  with  value, 
and  that  which  gives  the  value,  is  creditor  by  that  which  receives  it. 

(5.)  The  same  language  is  used  in  ordinary  conversation.  Thus,  we  say  that  the  moon  is  indebted  to  the  sun  for  its 
lif^hi,  the  flowers  for  theS  hues  of  t»auty,  and  the  fields  for  their  verdure ;  and  we  give  to  the  sun  the  credit  for  these 

benefits.  ,        m       j    v      j  •         j 

(6.)   It  would  be  proper  to  say  that  a  flourishing' garden  is  indebted,  for  its  thrift,  to  a  fertile  soil  and  abundant  ram,  and 

to  give  the  soil  and  the  rain  credit  for  it. 

(7.)  Thus  it  often  happens  in  businet  s,  thit  several  kinds  of  property  are  increased  or  diminished  by  the  agency  ol  ona 
other  kind,  or  that  one  kind  is  increased  or  diminished  by  the  agency  of  several  kinds. 

(S.)    In  all  such  cases,  the  account  or  accotoits  increased  are  debtor  to  the  increaser  or  increasers. 

(9.)    A  wholesale  dealer  in  but  a  few  articles,  may  find  it  convenient  to  keep  an  account  wiih  each  kind  of  goods  in 

which  he  deals. 

(10.)   Thus,  a  dealer  in  bread-stuffs  may  open  an  account  with  Flour,  Meal,  and  Grain. 

(11.)    But  in  a  variety  store,  the  articles  should  be  included  under  the  general  name,  Merchandise. 

(12.)   In  Double  Entry,  it  is  customary  to  use  three  books,  viz.,  the  Waste  Book,  the  Journal,  and  thp  Ledger.  . 

(13.)    The  expert  accountant  may  omit  the  Journal,  since  it  is  designed  merely  to  facilitate  posting  in  the  Ledger. 

(14.)  The  Waste-Book  contains,  1.  The  date;  2.  The  transaction;  3.  The  name  of  the  person;  4.  The 
payment ;  5.  The  quantity,  quality,  &c.  As,— July  4,  1846,  bought  of  John  Dix,  for  cash,  one  piece  of  black  broad- 
cloth, 30  yards,  at  $4.00  per  yard,  $120.00.  .       .  v  •    i 

(15.)   The  Journal,  omitting  much  that  is  contained  in  the  Waste   Book,  repeats  the  transacUon  m  tecnmcal 

form;  thus, —  »,ftAAA 

Merchandise  Dr.  to  Cash,  $120.00 

(16.)   The  Ledger  receives  the  same  account  from  the  Journal,  thus :  — 


* 

The  Ledger  exhibits, 

Dr.                             Cr. 

1846. 
July  4. 

Merchandise. 
To  Sundries, 

120 

00 

1846. 

Cash. 

Dr.                             Cr. 

July  4. 

By  Merchandise, 

60 

00 

1846. 

J.  Dix. 

Dr.                             Cr. 

July  4. 

By  Merchandise,                    • 

60 

00 

1S46. 


Merchandise. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


July  4. 


To  Cash, 


120 


00 


1846. 


Cash, 


Dr. 


Cr. 


July  4. 


By  Merchandise, 


120 


00 


The  amounts  of  the  Dr.  and  Cr.  sides  in  the  Ledger  are  always  equal. 


ILLUSTRATION  BY  APPARATUS. 

(17.)   Procure  a  number  of  boxes,  and  label  each  one  with  the  name  of  each  account  in  the  Ledger. 

(18.)    As  stock  is  the  first  account  to  be  opened  and  the  last  to  be  closed,  the  box  thus  labelled  should  stand  first  in  order. 

Ready  money  is  to  be  named  and  the  box  containing  it  is  to  be  labelled  Cash. 

The  goods  in  which  /  alone  deal,  Merchandise. 

"  "  m  company,  Merchandise  in  Co. 

The  goods  trusted  to  another.  Adventure  in  Co. 

••         sent  to  a  foreign  port,  Shipment 

"         received  by  me  to  sell  for  another,  Consigrmient. 

Shares  in  corporations.  Stock  in . 

Houses  and  lands,  Real  Estate. 

Vessels  trading  at  sea.  Ship or  Brig . 

Obligations  from  others  to  pay  money,  Bills  Receivable. 

"  from  me  to  pay  others,  '  Bills  Payable. 

Household  Furniture,  Horses  and  Carriages,  Movables. 

Accounts  with  persons,  as  S.  Bent,  S.  Bent. 

Gain  or  Loss  in  trade  or  otherwise.  Profit  and  Loss. 

I  Received  or  paid  for  interest,  Interest. 

Household  expenses,  "  Expenses. 

Money  received  or  paid  for  agency,  Commission. 

Gain  or  Loss  by  Insurance,  Insurance. 

"  "  Exchange,  Exchange. 

(19.)   The  last  five  accounts  may  be  comprised  in  the  Profit  and  Loss  account. 


Balance. 


1 .  Whr\t  does  stock  represent  ? 

2.  When  does  property  receive  its  appropriate  name  ? 

3.  Give  the  substance  of  this  section. 

4.  What  is  the  meaning  of  debtor  and  creditor  in  accounts? 

5.  Illustrate  from  conversation. 

fi.  Give  the  substance  of  this  section. 

7.  What  onen  occurs  in  business  ? 

8.  Rule  in  such  cases. 


9.  How  may  a  dealer  in  but  a  few  articles  keep  hi*  merchandise 

account  ? 

10.  Illustrate. 

11.  What  of  a  variety  store  ? 

12.  How  many  books  in  Double  Entry? 

13.  What  of  the  expert  accountant  ? 

14.  What  dot's  the  Waste-Book  contaiftff 

15.  What  of  the  Journal  ? 


(21.) 


All  my  property  and  the  debts  due  me  or  owed  by  me  at  the  time  of  closing  the  Ledger, 
(20.)    On  commencing  business,  take  an  inventory  of  all  your  property  and  debts ;  thus,  — 
I  have 
Cash,  SIOOO.OO     To  represent  it,  I  write  $100  on  10  slips  of  paper. 

500  bbls  of  flour,      »  4.00=2000.00  «  I  make  5  bundles,  each  100  bbl?. 

A.  Locke's  note,  500.00  *«  I  write  a  note  payable  to  myself. 

N.  Abbot's  account,  100.00  •• "  I  write  the  same  on  a  slip. 

Allien  the  student  has  prepared  his  emblems,  let  him  place  them  in  the  stock  box,  at  first  taithout  a  Ledger  entry^tadtu 
the  merchant  oioes  for  a  part  of  it. 


K).  What  ;tre  the  Ledger  eatries  of  this  section? 

17.  Whrjt  of  Apparatus  ? 

Ift.  Repeat  the  substance  of  this  section. 


19.  What  of  five  accounts  ? 

20.  On  c(ynmencing  business,  what  ? 

21.  How  do  you  represent  the  different  accounts? 


u 


DOUBLE  ENTRY 


Arrangement  of  Boxes.  —  No.  1. 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


u 


(22.) 


Stock. 
Cash,            $1000.00 
Mhnds.,          2000.00 
Bills  Rec.         500.00 
N.  Abbot.          100.60 

Cash. 

B.  Rec. 

Prof.  &  Loss. 

Mhnds. 

N.  Abbot. 

«  Balance. 

3600.00 

(23.)  Hitherto  the  whole  property  has  been  in  a  quiescent  state.  We  now  bring  it  into  circulation. 
Every  item  of  property  must  be  removed  from  the  Stock  box,  to  the  box  labelled  with  its  own  name. 
Hence,  No.  2  exhibits, 

See  Ledger 

Illustrative, 

Sec.  41. 


Stock. 

Cash. 
$1000 

Mhnds. 
$2000 

Bills  Rec. 
$500 

N.  Abbot. 
$100 

Prof,  ic  Loss. 

Balance. 

(24.)   On  the  blackboard  write  the  record  of  one  sale;   thus,  Sold  for  cash  to  J.  Dix,  1  hundred  bbls.  of  flour, 

(25.)   Now,  Cash  has  been  increased  by  $500,  and  is  made  Dr.  to  that  amount ;  Merchandise  has  parted  with  S400, 
and  is  Cr.  by  that  amount:  the  other  $100  comes  from  profit;  and  therefore  Profit  and  Loss  is  Cr.  by  $100,  in  entry  6. 
Hence,  No.  3  presents. 

See  L.  111. 
Sec.  4L 


Stock. 

Cash. 
$1500 

Mhnds. 
$1600 

Bills  Rec. 
$500 

N.  Abbot. 
$100 

Prof.  Sc  Loss. 

Balance. 

26.)   The  increase  of  $100  from  Profit  and  Loss  must  be  represented  by  new  slips,  inscribed  Cash. 
2?!)   To  close  the  Ledger,  transfer  to  the  Balance  box  the  amounts  in  the  several  boxes. 


(27.) 


No.  4 


See  L.  IlL 
Sec.  41. 


Stock. 

Cash. 

Mhnds. 

Bills  Rec. 

N.  Abbot. 

Prof.  &  Loss. 

Balance. 
Cash,      1500    Bills  R.,     500 
Mhnds.,  1600    N.  Abbot,    100 

(28.)   Convey  to  Stock  by  No.  5,  all  that  is  ip  Balance,  and  close  the  business. 


SeeL.  HL 
Sec.  41. 


Stock. 

Cash,         $1500 
Mhnds.,       1600 
Bills  Rec,     500 
N.  Abbot,      100 

Cash. 

Mhnds. 

Bills  Rec. 

N.  Abbot. 

Prof.  &  Loss. 

Balance. 

1 29.)   In  the  following  illustration,  the  index  uniting  the  boxes  denotes  the  direction  of  the  property, 

Dr. 

,30.)   Bought  for  cash*  40  bbls.  of  flour,  •  $5, 


22.  Describe  No.  1. 

23.  In  what  state  has  the  property  beenf 

24.  What  is  done  by  section  23  ? 

25.  What  changes  have  occurred  ? 

26.  How  is  the  increase  represented? 


27.  How  is  the  Ledger  to  be  closed  ? 

28.  What  is  done  in  box  No.  5  ? 

29.  What  does  the  index  denote  ? 

30.  Make  on  the  blackboard  diagimms  for  each  transaction. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


Bou^t  of  J.  Nix,  on  account,  10  yds.  of  broadcloth,  •  $4.00  per  yard. 


Sold  to  L.  Brown,  on  his  note,  10  bbls.  of  flour,  «  $6.00  per  bbl. 


Sold  to  N.  Abbot,  on  account,  4  yards  of  broadcloth, «  $3.50  per  yard,  losing 
.50peryard.  r     j      »       "e 


Sold  to  J.  Lunt,  for  half  Ctsh,  half  note,  15  bbls.  flour,  ®  $6.00  per  bbl. 


sales,  to  become  fJEUxiiliar  with  the  application. 

(32.)   Lost  my  pocket-book  containing 

Ans.     Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  $200 ;  Cash  Cr.  $200, 

Exchanged  notes  with  L.  Brant,  each 

Ans.    Bills  Rec.  Dr.  $400;  Bills  Payable,  Cr.  $400. 


Sold  R.  Bott,  for  Cash,  15  bbls.  of  flour,  »  ^„, 

Am.    Cash  Dr.  $90;  Merchandise  Cr.  $75,  Prof.  &  Loss  Cr.  $15. 

Bought  of  P.  Hill,  for  Cash,  40  bbls.  of  flour.  •  $4,  1 

Afu.    Merchandise  Dr.  $160 ;  Cash  Cr.  $160. 

Sold  to  J.  Mann,  for  half  Cash,  half  on  account,  30  bbls.  of  flour  of  my  last  purchase. 
Am.    Cash  Dr.  $75;  J.  Mann  Dr.  $75;  Mhnds.  Cr.  $120;  Prof.  &  Loss  Cr.  $3o! 

Sold  to  P.  Chase,  on  his  note,  6  yds.  of  broadcloth,  •  $5.00  per  yard. 
Am.     Bills  Rec.  Dr.  $30;  Merchandise  Cr.  $24;  Prof.  &  Loss'Cr.  $6. 

Bought  of  R.  Jones,  for  Cash,  a  horse  and  carriage, 
Am.    Movables  Dr.  $300;  Cash  Cr.  $300. 

Bougkt  of  S.  Burt,  on  J.  Lunt's  note,  20  bbls.  of  flour,  •  5.50, 
Am.    Merchandise  Dr.  $110;  Bills  Rec.  Cr.  $110. 

Another  form  of  Journal  entry  is  found  below. 

Shipped  the  flour  bought  on  J.  Lunt's  note, 

and  paid  .freight  and  charges  in  Cash, 
Am.    Shipmont  to Dr.  to  Mhnds.  $110 ;  Cash,  $12. 

Paid  rent,  in  Cadi,  for  my  house  and  store, 
Am.    Prof.  &  LoBs  Dr.  to  Cash, 


Mhnds. 
40 

<: «aK 

J.  Nix. 
40 

Mhnds. 
50 

Bills  Rec. 
60 

— 

Prof,  ic  Loss. 
10 

k 

N.  Abbot. 
14 

r          ^ 

Mhnds. 
16 

Prof.  &  Loss. 
2 

Cash. 
45 

— 

Mhnds. 
75 

Bills  Rec. 
45 

Prof.  &  Loss. 
15 

lent  may  place 

above  each  figure  of  the 
200. 
400. 
d. 

9a 

9QL 

$5. 


160. 


150. 
150. 


aoL 

300. 
110. 


iia 

12. 
122. 

600. 
600. 


'Ih. 


B 


16  DOUBLE  ENTRY. 

Found  in  the  street,  Cash, 

Am,     Cash  Dr.  to  Profit  &  Loss, 

* 

J.  Mann  has  failed,  and  paid  50  per  cent,  on  1000. 

Ans.     Cash,  $500,  and  Profit  &  Loss,  $500,  Dr.  to  J.  Mann, 

Shipped  to  Dublin,  consigned  to  P.  Lord,  200  bbls.  of  flour,  $800,  paid  freight  and  charges 

in  Cash,  $300,  ^    ^^^^^^ 

Ans.     Shipment  to  Dublin,  Dr.  to  Mhnds.  $800,  to  Cash,  $300, 

The  Merchants'  Bank  has  discounted  P.  Chase's  note  at  4  months  and  grace, 
Ans.     Cash,  $29.38i,  and  Profit  &  Loss,  .61i,  Dr.  to  Bills  Receivable, 

Bought  of  L.  Bond  20  bbls.  of  sugar,  •  $12  per  bbl.,  and  paid  Cash  $100,  and  gave  my  note 

°for  $140, 
Ans.    Merchandise  Dr.  to  Cash,  $100,  and  to  Bills  Payable,  $140, 

Received  from  P.  Lord  an  account  sales  of  the  shipment  of  flour,  and  no  remittance ;  net  return, 
A71S.    P.  Lord  Dr.  to  Shipment  to  Dublin,  $1100,  and  to  Profit  &  Loss,  $300, 

Received  of  P.  Lord  a  check  on  the  Merchants'  Bank,  in  full,  for  consignment  of  flour, 
Ans.    Cash  Dr.  to  P.  Lord, 

0 

* 

SECOND  SERIES  OE  APPARATUS. 

(33.)   If  the  merchant  owes  anything  at  the  commencement  of  business,  he  must  begin  with  Stock, 
boxes  to  which  he  is  indebted,  at  the  same  time. 

Inventory  of  property  and  debts,  Jan.  1,  1846. 

I  have,  in  Cash,     $100  Write  on  one  slip  $85,  on  another  $15. 

Mhnds.,    250    350    Do.     Do.         $190,  Do.    "       $60. 


fi. 
5. 


1000. 


1100. 
1100. 

30. 
30. 


240. 
240.  • 

Trnn. 
1400. 
1400. 

1400. 
1400. 


and  with  the 


I  owe,  on  Note, 
S.  Dole,  on  ac't, 


75  Write  one  note  payable  for        $75. 

85     160    «*  S.  Dole's  Account,   $85. 


(34.)   Write  your  debts  on  colored  paper,  and  place  the  slips  in  their  appropriate  boxes. 

(35.)   No.  1  exhibits  the  boxes  at  the  commencement  of  business. 

See  Ledger  Illustrative,  Sec.  42. 


Stock. 

Cash,    $100 
Mhnds.  $250 

Cash. 

Bills  Payable. 
$75 

Profit  ic  Loss. 

Mhnds. 

S.  Dole. 

$85 

Balance. 

As  the  merchant  owes 
two  debts.  Stock  is  Dr. 
to  the  two  accounts. 


(36.)  No.  2  sets  capital  afloat. 


Stock. 

Cash. 
$100 

Bills  Payable. 
$75 

Profit  &  Loss. 

Merchandise. 
$250 

S.  Dole. 

$85 

Balance. 

31.  What  is  the  private  mark  ? 

32.  Give  the  Journal  entry  for  each  transaction  in  this  section. 

33.  Substance  of  this  section  ? 


34.  How  do  you  represent  jrour  debts? 

35.  What  does  No,  1  exhibit  ? 

36.  Design  of  No.  2? 


I 


^  DOUBLE  ENTRY. 

(37.)  Pay  S.  Dole's  account  in  Cash,  $85.     No.  3. 


17 


Stock. 

Cash. 
$15 

Bills  Payable. 

$75 

Profit  &  Loss. 

Merchandise. 
$250 

S.  Dole. 

$85      $85 

Balance. 

When  the  white  aad 
the  colored  slips  >Mil«fv:y, 
the  account  is  closed. 


(38.)    Balance  the  Ledger  in  No.  4. 


Stock. 

Cash. 

Bills  Payable. 

Profit  &  Loss. 

Merchandise. 

m 

S.  Dole. 

Balance. 
$250        75 
15 

$265 

Find  the  diflerence  be- 
tween the  amounts  of  the 
white  and  the  colored 
slips  for  the  net  property. 


(39.)    No.  5  exhibits  the  return  of  property  to  Stock. 


Stock. 

$265 
75 

• 
Cash. 

Bills  Payable. 

Profit  &  Loss. 

Merchandise. 

S.  Dole. 

Balance. 

190 

Ultimately,  the  note 
must  be  paid  in  Cask  and 
Merchandise. 


(40.)   From  sections  23  and  25  make  the  following  Journal  for  the  Ledger  Illustrative.    No.  1. 

Journal. 
^-  »  Cr. 

1000^ 


1  Cash, 

2  Merchandise, 

3  Bills  Receivable, 

4  N.  Abbot, 
6  Cash, 

6 


100  J 
JSS|(*25.) 


1  SlocX 
2 

3  « 

4  « 

6  Mercliandise, 

6  Profit  and  Loss, 


1000 
2000 
500 
100 
400 
100 


(41.)  The  student  may  now  proceed  to  form  the  Ledger  Blustrative,  which  is  designed  to  represent  each  accoimi 
under  its  appropriate  Utle.  ^  «w««iu 


37.  What  transaction  in  this  section  t 
<8.  Design  of  No.  4? 


39.  What  does  No.  5  exhibit? 


18 


Box. 


No.  2. 
No.  3. 
No.  3. 
No.  4. 


No.  2. 
No.  3. 
No.  4. 


No.  2. 

No.  4. 


No.  2. 
No.  4. 


No.  3. 
No.  3. 


No.  4. 
No.  4. 
No.  4. 
No.  4. 
No.  5. 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 

LEDGER    ILLUSTRATIVE. 
No.  1. 


Stock. 


No. 

2. 

No. 

2. 

No. 

2. 

No. 

2. 

No. 

3. 

No. 

5. 

By  Cash, 

"   Merchandise, 

"    Bills  Receivable, 

"   N.  Abbot, 

*•   Profit  and  Loss, 
To  Balance, 


Cash. 


To  Stock, 
"    Merchandise, 
"   Profit  and  Loss, 

By  Balance, 


Merchandise. 


To  Stock, 
By  Cash, 
By  Balance 


Bills  Receivable. 


To  Stock, 
By  Balance, 


N.  Abbot. 


To  Stock, 
By  Balance, 


Profit  and  Loss. 


By  Cash, 
To  Stock, 


Balance. 


To  Cash, 
"   Merchandise, 
"    Bills  Receivable, 
"   N.  Abbot, 

By  Stock, 


J. 


1 
2 
3 
4 
L.  11 
L.12 


J. 


1 

5 

6 

L.7 


J. 


2 

6 

L.8 


J. 


3 
L.9 


J. 


Dr. 


3700 


3700 


00 


00 


Dr. 


1000 
400 
100 


1500 


00 
00 
00 


00 


Dr. 


2000 


2000 


00 


00 


Dr. 


500 


500 


00 


00 


Dr. 


J. 


Dr. 


L. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


1000 

00 

2000 

00 

500 

00 

100 

00 

100 

00 

3700 


00 


Cr. 


1500 


1500 


00 


00 


Cr. 


400 
1600 


2000 


00 
00 


00 


Cr. 


500 


500 


00 


00 


Cr. 


4 
L.IO 

100 

00 

100 

00 


Cr. 


6 
L.11 

100 

00 

100 

00 


Cr. 


7 

1500 

00 

8 

1600 

00 

9 

500 

00 

10 

100 

00 

12 

3700 

3700 

CO 

3700 

00 


00 


DOUBrJE  ENTRY. 
(42.)   Ledger  illustrative  of  the  second  series  of  boxes. 


See  Sec.  34. 


No.  2. 


Box. 


^36. 
^36. 
4  35. 
4  35 
4  39. 


4  36. 
4  37. 

43a 


4  36. 
4  38. 


4  35. 

4  38. 


4  35. 
4  37. 


Stock. 


By  Cash, 
"   Merchandise, 
To  Bills  Payable, 
"    S.  Dole, 
"    Balance, 


Cash. 


To  Stock, 
By  S.  Dole, 
"    Balance, 


Merchandise. 


To  Stock, 
By  Balance, 


Bills  Payable. 


By  Stock, 
To  Balance, 


S.  Dole. 


By  Stock, 
To  Cash, 


Profit  and  Loss. 


Balance. 


To  Cash, 

"   Merchandise, 
By  Bills  Payable, 

"    Stock, 


Order. 


Dr. 


Order. 


3 

5 

L.6 


Order. 


4 
L.7 


Order. 


1 
L.8 


Order. 


2 
5 


Order. 


Order. 


Dr. 


100 


100 


00 


00 


Dr. 


250 


250 


00 


00 


Dr. 


75 


75 


00 


00 


Dr. 


85 


00 


Dr. 


Dr. 


Cr, 


3 

100 

4 

250 

1 

75 

00 

2 

85 

00 

L.9 

190 

00 

350 

00 

350 

00 
00 


00 


Cr. 


85 
15 


100 


00 


00 


Cr. 


250 


550 


00 


00 


Cr. 


75 


75 


00 


00 


Cr. 


So 


00 


Cr. 


Cr. 


6 

15 

00 

7 

250 

00 

8 

75 

00 

9 

190 

00 

265 

00  i 

1   265 

00 

In  the  foregoing  Ledger,  reference  is  made,  in  the  first  column,  to  the  section  exhibiting  the  condition  of  the  boxes  as 
they  are  affected  by  the  corresponding  entry.  In  the  second  column  of  figures,  the  order  of  making  each  particular  entry, 
is  indicated  by  the  same  figure  opposite  the  Dr.  and  its  corresponding  Cr.     The  Journal  is  omitted. 


20 


i 


DOUBLE  AnTRY. 


WASTE-BOOK  No.  3. 


Boston^  Jan,  1,  1846. 


Jan.  1. 


Inventory  of  my  property  : 
Flour,  10  bbls.  •  $5.00, 
Butter,  6  firkins,  ®  $7.00, 
Iron,  15  tons,  •  $40.00, 
1  House,  valued  •  $2000.00, 
7  Shares  in  the  Eastern  R.  Road, 
1  Horse,  Carriage,  and  Harness, 
Cash, 


"  5. 
"  10. 
•  15. 
"  20. 
"  25. 
«  31. 


Bought  of  J.  Nix,  on  acc't,  7  hhds.  of  sugar,  »  $60.00, 


Sold  L.  Brant,  on  acc't,  4  bbls.  of  flour,  «  $6.00, 


Sold  R.  Moore,  for  Cash,  my  horse,  carriage,  and  harness, 


Sold  R.  Moore,  on  acc't,  7  hhds.  of  sugar,  0  $70.00, 


Sold  J.  Alley,  on  acc't,  my  house, 


Exchanged  notes  with  J.  Nix,  for 


JOURNAL  No.  3. 


$50.00 

42.00 

600.00 


692 

2000 

700 

400 

2000 


5792 

420 

en. 
24 

unn. 
600 

uen. 
490 

ennn. 
2500 


1000 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


00 
00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 


L. 

Boston,  Jan.  1,  1846. 
Dr. 

L. 

Cr.      . 

Jan.  1. 

"     5. 

"    10. 

«    15. 
•*   20. 
"   25. 
«   31. 

A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

E. 

F. 

G. 

Merchandise, 
Real  Estate, 
E.  R.  R.  Stock, 
Movables, 
Cash, 

692 

2000 

700 

400 

2000 

420 

24 

600 

490 

2500 

1000 

00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

Stock, 

A. 

B. 

C. 
C. 

D. 
D. 

E. 
E. 

F. 
F. 

G. 

1 

5792 

420 

20 
4 

400 
200 

420 
70 

2000 
500 

1000 

00 

4 

* 

00 

00 
00 

00 
00 

• 

00 
00 

00 
00 

00 

Merchandise, 

J.  Nix, 

L.  Brant, 

Merchandise, 
Profit  and  Loss, 

Cash, 
« 

Movables, 
Profit  and  Loss, 

R.  Moore, 

u 

Merchandise, 
Profit  and  Loss, 

J.  Alley, 

Real  Estate, 
Profit  and  Loss, 

Bills  Receivable, 

BiUs  Payable, 

- 

DOUBLE  ENTRY. 

LEDGER  No.  3. 

« 

21 

1846. 

Stock. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

Jan.    1. 
"    31. 

By  Sundries, 
"   Profit  and  Loss, 
To  Balance, 

L.  R. 

6566 

00 

A. 
L.  Q. 

5792 
774 

00 
00 

6566 

00 

6566 

00 

1846. 

Profit  and  Loss. 

Dr. 

Cr. 

Jan.  10. 
«     15. 
"    20. 
"     25. 
"    31. 

By  L.  Brant, 
"   Cash, 
"   R.  Moore, 
"   J.  Alley, 

To  Stock, 

L.  Q. 

774 

00 

C. 
D. 
E. 
F. 

4 

200 
70 

500 

00 
00 
00 

00 

774 

00 

774 

00 

1846. 

Merchandise. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

Jan.    1. 
"      5. 
«     10. 
«    20. 
«    31. 

To  Stock, 
"  J.  Nix, 
By  L.  Brant, 
"  R.  Moore, 
"   Balance, 

A. 
B. 

692 
420 

00 
00 

C. 

E. 

L.  H. 

20 
420 
672 

Tl 

00 
00 
00 

1112 

00 

1112         00 

1846. 

Cash. 

• 
J. 

Dr. 

Cr. 

Jan.    1. 

"     15. 

(t      «< 

«    31. 

To  Stock, 

"   Movables, 

"   Profit  and  Loss, 
By  Balance, 

A. 
D. 
D. 

2000 
400 
200 

00 
00 
00 

L.   L 

2600 

00 

2600 

00 

2600 

00 

1846. 

Real  Estate. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

-1 

Cr. 

Jan.    1. 
"     25. 

To  Stock, 
By  J.  AUey, 

A. 

2000 

00 

F. 

2000 

00 

2000 

00 

* 

2000 

00 

1846. 

Eastern  R.  R.  Stock. 

J. 

Dr. 

Cr. 

Jan.    1. 
"    31. 

To  Stock, 
By  Balance, 

1- 

A. 

700 

00 

L.  J. 

700 

00 

700 

00 

700 

00 

1846. 

L.  Brant. 

J. 

Dr. 

Cr. 

Jan.  10. 
»*    31. 

To  Merchandise, 
"   Profit  and  Loss, 
By  Balance, 

C. 
C. 

20 
4 

00 
00 

L.  K. 

24 

00 

24 

00 

24 

00 

22 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 
LEDGER  No.  3  — Continued. 


1S46. 

J.  Nil. 

• 

Dr.                J. 

Cr. 

Jan.    5. 
«    31. 

By  Merchandise, 
To  Balance, 

L.  L. 

420 

00 

B. 

420 

00 

420 

00 

1 

420 

00 

1846. 

R.  Moore. 

J. 

Dr. 

Cr. 

Jan.  20. 
It     It 

"    31. 

To  Merchandise,                                                            g^ 
"   Profit  and  Loss,                                                      £.' 
By  Balance, 

A,  B,  &c.  on  the  Dr.  side  have  duplicates  on  the  c< 

420 
70 

00 
00 

1 

L.M. 

490 

00 

490     1    00    II    ^ 
)rresponding  Cr.  side. 

490 

00 

1S46. 

Bills  Receivable. 

J. 

Dr. 

Cr. 

Jan.  31. 
It      It 

To  Bills  Payable, 
By  Balance, 

G. 

1000 

00 

1 
L.N. 

1000 

00 

1000 

00 

1000 

00 

1846. 

Bills  Payable. 

Dr.                J. 

Cr. 

Jan.  31. 

tl      i< 

By  Bills  Receivable, 
To  Balance, 

L.  0. 

1000 

00 

G. 

1000 

00 

1000 

00 

1000 

00 

1846. 

Movables. 

J. 

Dr.                J. 

Cr. 

Jan.    1. 
"     15. 

To  Stock, 
By  Cash, 

A. 

400 

00 

D. 

400 

00 

400 

00 

400 

00 

1846. 

J.  Alley. 

J. 

• 

Dr. 

• 

Cr. 

Jan.  25. 
II      li 

"    31. 

To  Real  Estate, 
"    Profit  and  Loss. 
By  Balance, 

I: 

2000 
500 

00 
00 

L.  P. 

2500 

00 

2500 

00 

2500 

00 

1846. 

Balance. 

J. 

Dr.              J, 

Cr, 

Jan.  31. 

(1         u 

II       II 
It         u 
It        1' 
11       *. 
tl        It 
(1        It 
II        11 
It        II 

To  Merchandise, 

"   Cash, 

"   E.  R.  R.  Stock, 

"   L.  Brant, 
By  J.  Nix, 
To  R.  Moore, 

"    Bills  Receivable, 
By  Bills  Payable, 
To  J.  Alley, 
By  Stock, 

H. 
I. 
J. 
K. 

M. 

N. 

P. 

672 

2600 

700 

24 

490 
1000 

2500 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 

00 

L. 

0. 
UR. 

420 

1000 
6566 

00     ' 

00 
00 

7986 

00 

7986 

00 

• 

DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


WASTE-BOOK  No.  4. 


Boston,  Feb.  1,  1846. 

Feb.  1. 

41             t( 
((            ,tt 
«      U             It 
It             It 
II              11 
ti             11 

"    5. 
«  10. 
«•  17. 
"  21. 
»   28. 

FU)ur,  14  bbls.,  •  $4.00, 
Sugar,  6  boxes,  ®  $7.00, 
Butter,  7  firkins,  a  S6.00, 
Tea,  5  chests,  »  $40.00, 
Glass,  5  boxes,  ®  $10.00, 
Raisins,  6  boxes,  ®  $2.00, 

Inventory. 

56          00 
42          00 
42          00 
200          00 
50          00 
12          00 

Amount  brought  up, 
My  house,  vjilued  • 
J.  Nix's  note. 
Cash, 

402 

3000 
1000 
2800 

00 
00 
00 
00 

402 

1    00 

7202 

60 

ren- 
150 

ei. 
35 

• 

1. 
12 

gn- 
36 

8     8     8     8     8    8 

Bought  of  R.  Moore,  on  acc't,  sugar,  3  hhds.,  «  $20.00, 

* 

Sold  to  J.  Alley,  on  acc't,  tea,  3  chests,  ®  $50.00, 

Sold  J.  Nix,  for  c.a.sh,  flour,  7  bbls.,  «  $5.00 

Sold  L.  Brant,  for  cash,  raisins,  4  boxes,  »  $3.00, 

Sold  R.  Moore,  on  note,  glass,  3  boxes,  ®  $12.00, 

JOURNAL  No.  4. 

L.                                                         Dr. 

L. 

Cr, 

Feb.  1. 

41           It 
II           It 
41           li 

"     5. 
♦♦    10. 

"    17. 

«   21. 

♦•   28. 

A. 
It 

It 

II 

B. 
C. 

D. 

E. 

F. 

Merchandise, 
Real  Estate, 
Bills  Receivable, 
Cash, 

402 
3000 
1000 
2800 

60 

150 

35 

12 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

Stock, 

A. 

B. 

C. 
C. 

D. 
D. 

E. 
E. 

F. 
F. 

7202 

60 

120 
30 

28 

7 

S 
4 

30 
6 

00 

00 

00 
00 

00 
00 

00 
00 

00 
00 

Merchandise, 

R.  Moore,    . 

J.  AUey, 
It 

Merchandise, 
Profit  and  Loss, 

Cash, 

It 

Merchandise, 
Profit  and  Loss, 

Cash, 
II 

Merchandise, 
Profit  and  Loss, 

Bills  Receivable, 
It 

36 

00 

Merchandise, 
Profit  and  Loss, 

% 


^ 


24 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


DOUBLE  ENTRY 


1846. 


Feb.    1. 
"    28. 


Feb.    1. 

"  5. 

"  10. 

"  17. 

"  21. 

"  28. 

«  u 


1846. 


Feb.  10. 

"     17. 

"    21. 

"    28. 
«     <i 


1846. 


Feb.    1. 

"     17. 
II      « 

"     21. 

II      (I 

«    28. 


1846. 


Feb.    1. 

"    28. 
II     It 

11         u 


1846. 


Feb.    1. 
"    28. 


LEDGER  NO.  4. 


Stock. 


By  Sundries, 
"   Profit  and  Loss, 
To  Balance, 


J. 


Dr. 


L.  N.       7249 


7249 


00 


00 


Merchandise. 


J. 

Cr, 

A. 

L.  G. 

7202 
47 

00 
00 

• 

- 

7249 

00 

To  Stock, 

"   R.  Moore, 
By  J.  Alley, 

"   Cash, 


J. 


-Dr. 


<i      i( 


"   Bills  Receivable, 
"   Balance, 


A. 

402 

00 

1 

B. 

60  . 

00 

c. 

D. 

E. 

F. 

L.  H 

Profit  and  Loss. 


By  J.  Alley, 
"   Cash, 


II      II 


"  Bills  Receivable, 
To  Stock, 


To  Stock. 
"   Merchandise, 
"  Profit  and  Loss, 
"   Merchandise, 
"   Profit  and  Loss, 

By  Balance, 


To  Stock, 
"  Merchandise, 
"   Profit  and  Loss, 

By  Balance, 


To  Stock, 
By  Balance, 


1946. 


Feb.    6. 
"    28. 


1846. 


Feb.  10. 

(«      t< 

"    28. 


Feb.  28. 


II 

II 

II 

II. 

II 

II 

II 

II 

• 

II 

M 

II 

II 

LEDGER  NO.  4  — Continued. 


R.    MOORB. 


By  Merchandise, 
To  Balance, 


J.  Alley. 


To  Merchandise, 
"   Profit  and  Loss, 
By  Balance, 


Balance. 


To  Merchandise, 
"   Cash, 

"   Bills  Receivable, 
"   Real  Estate, 

By  R.  Moore, 

To  J.  Alley, 

By  Slock, 


^'^ 


J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

• 

L.  L. 

60 

00 

B. 

60    00 

60 

00 

60  ;  00 

J. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


C. 
C. 


120 
30 


150 


00 
00 


00 


L.M. 


150 


150 


00 


00 


J. 


Dr. 


J. 


Cr, 


H. 

276 

00 

I. 

2847 

00 

J. 

1036 

00 

K. 

3000 

00 

L. 

60 

M. 

150 

00 

L.N. 

7249 

7309 

00 

• 

7309 

00 

00 


00 


*«■ 


si 


Ml 


DOUBLE  ENTRY 


CASH  BOOK  No.  5. 


Cash. 

■■ 

1 

1846. 

L. 

Dr. 

L. 

Cr. 

Jan.    1. 

To  Stock, 

1 

2500 

00 

1 

1 

• 

"       2. 

"   Merchandise, 

1 

16 

00 

1 

((        (( 

"   Profit  and  Loss, 

1 

3 

20 

3 

«       3. 

By  Merchandise, 

1 

1 

25 

00 

«       7. 

"    a 

"    Balance, 

• 

2494 

20 

2519 

20 

2519 

20 

To  Balance  rem.  last  week, 

2494 

20 

"    12. 

"   Merchandise, 

1 

48 

00 

1 

I(         u 

"   Profit  and  Loss, 

1 

12 

00 

3 

«    14 

• 

"     15. 

By  Balance, 

•2554 

20 

2554 

20 

2554 

20 

To  Balance  rem.  last  week. 

2554 

20 

. 

«(     « 

"    Bills  Receivable, 

1 

284 

98 

2 

"    21. 

By  Merchandise, 

1 

1 

2400 

00 

"    22. 

"    Balance, 

439 

18 

2839 

18 

2839 

18 

To  Balance  rem.  last  week, 

439 

18 

«    23. 

"    Real  Estate, 

1 

2000 

00 

2 

C(           (( 

"    Proit  and  Loss, 

1 

500 

00 

3 

«       (( 

"   Merchandise, 

1 

50 

00 

1 

«(        i( 

"   Profit  and  Loss, 

1 

12 

50 

3 

«     26. 

By  Movables, 

2 

1 

112 

50 

«     28. 
"    29. 

"    Balance,                                * 

2889 

18 

3001 

68 

3001 

68 

To  Balance  rem.  last  week. 

2889 

18 

"    30. 

By  Profit  and  Loss, 

4 

1 

26 

25 

Feb.    1. 

To  Bills  Receivable, 

1 

360 

00 

2 

"      2. 

By  Profit  and  Loss, 

4 

1 

30 

00 

"      3. 

t«       ((               (( 

4 

1 

50 

00 

(t      « 

To  Merchandise, 

1 

300 

00 

1 

U             (( 

"   Profit  and  Loss, 

1 

100 

00 

4 

«      4. 

"   Bills  Receivable, 

1 

494 

75 

2 

u           <« 

"      5. 

By  Balance, 

« 

4037 

68 

4143 

93 

4143 

93 

To  Balance  rem.  last  week. 

4037 

68 

(1      t( 

By  J.  Ford, 

2 

2 

190 

00 

"      7. 

To  Movables, 

2 

175 

00 

2 

i<      ti 

"   Profit  and  Loss, 

2 

25 

00 

4 

"    a 

By    "               " 

4 

2 

2 

00 

"      9. 

To  Merchandise, 

2 

50 

00 

1 

<i      «( 

"   Profit  and  Loss, 

2 

10 

00 

4 

«     11. 

««     12. 

By  Balance, 

4105 

68 

4297 

68 

4297 

68 

To  Balance  rem.  last  week, 

4105 

68 

«   la 

By  Balance               •• 

• 

■fi 

/ 

4105 

68 

DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


CASH  BOOK  No.  5— Continued. 


1846. 

Cash. 

L. 

Ih 

» 
• 

L. 

Cr. 

Feb.  19. 
"    20. 
«    22. 
"    25. 

"    26. 

"    28. 

(t     « 

To  Balance  rem.  last  week, 
By  Profit  and  Loss, 

it              t(                             M 

"   Balance, 

4 
4 

4105 

68 

2 
2* 

15 
4 

4085 

00 
80 

88 

4105 

68 

4105 

68 

To  Balance  rem.  last  week. 
By  Profit  and  Loss, 
"   Balance, 

4 

4085 

88 

2 

100 
3985 

00 

88 

4085 

88 

4085 

88 

The  Balance  remaining  corroborates  the  Cash 
account,  L.  5, 

3985 

88 

Every  transaction  into  which  Cash  enters,  is  to  be  recorded  in  the  Cash  Book  at  the  same  time  in  which  it  is  recorded  in 
the  Waste  Book ;  and  the  Cash  accoimt  in  the  Ledger  is  to  be  carefully  compared  with  it* 


\ 


l! 


28 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


INVENTORY. 


In  the  following  inventory,  the  name  of  the  article,  quantity,  quality,  mark,  dec.,  will  be  found  on  the  left  hand  ;  the 
whole  amount  of  the  goods,  m  the  next  column ;  the  price  per  yd.,  lb.,  &c.,  in  the  next  column.  The  first  column  of 
figures  multiplied  by  the  second,  produces  the  third,  or  the  whole  value  of  that  kind  of  goods. 

Beyond  the  double  line,  in  the  fourth  column  of  figures,  is  placed  the  quantity  remaining  unsold  at  die  time  of  closing 
the  hooks,  of  the  same  denomination,  yds.,  lbs.,  &c.,  as  the  figures  in  the  first  column.  The  fourth,  multiplied  by  the 
second,  produces  the  fifth.  Add  the  several  sums  in  the  fifth  column,  and  the  result  is  the  value  of  the  unsold  Merchan- 
dise, and  is  equal  to  the  Balance  of  the  Merchandise  account  in  the  Ledger. 

Inventory  op  Merchandise  on  commencing  business. 


Boston^  Jan.  1,  1846. 


Broadcloth,  25  pes.,  each  12  yds., 
Chintz,        40        "         32    «• 
Sheeting,     40        "         30    " 
Shirting,      35        "         30    " 
Cotton  thread,  spools,  5000, 
Linen       "       skeins,   1000, 
Sewing-silk,  lbs.,  15, 

Woollen  hose,  pairs,      100, 
Buttons,  pearl,  doz.,      1000, 

"       gilt,      "  500, 

Tape,  pieces,  3000, 
Vestings,  velvet.  No.  1, 

Valencia,  No.  2, 

"         silk,  No.  3, 


© 

a 


•  Jan.    3. 

Gloves,  Ladies'  kid,  pairs,  50, 
Jan.    4. 


Gloves,  Gents',  black,  pairs,  100, 
Jan.  21.  — 


quant. 

300 

12S0 

1200 

1050 

5000 

1000 

15 

100 

1000 

500 

3000 

25 

50 

100 


per. 

5.00 
.25 
.08 
.10 
.01 
.10 

2.00 
.25 
.02 
.10 
.05 

4.00 
.30 

1.00 


Kerseymere,  80  pieces,  each  20  yards, 
——■ Jan.  22. 


Silk  shawls,  50,  «  $2.00  each.  No.  1, 
«  30,  «  S3.00  each.  No.  2, 
"       20,  •  $4.50  each,  No.  3, 


50 


100 


1600 


50 
30 
20 


.50 


.75 


1.50 


2.00 
3.00 
4.50 


WASTE   BOOK  No.  5. 

Inventory  of  my  whole  property  on  commencing  business,  Jan.  1,  1846 
Merchandise,  as  per  inventory  on  the  first  of  January, 
Cash, 

Note,  by  J.  Lord, 
House  and  Land, 
Store, 
Furniture, 
Horse  and  Wagon, 


I  owe  on  note  to  P.  Chase, 
**  acc't        J.  Ford, 

N.  Jones, 


M 


tt 


amt. 

1500 

320 

96 

105 

50 

100 

30 

25 

20 

50 

150 

100 

15 

100 


2661 


25 


75 


2400 


100 
90 
90 


5441 


left. 

132 
896 
ISO 
990 

500 

9 

50 

1000 

500 

2000 

20 

50 

100 


800 


20 
10 


M 


amt. 

S660 

224 

14 

99 

50 
IS 
12 
20 
50 

100 
80 
15 

100 


1442 


1200 


40 
30 


2712 


2661 
2500 
500 
2000 
800 
500 
175 


9136 


500 
200 
300 


1000 


cts. 

00 
00 
40 
00 

00 
00 
50 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


90 


00 


00 
00 


90 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 


00 


00 
00 
00 


00 


I 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


WASTE   BOOK  No.  5. 


Boston,  Jan.  2,  1846. 


Sold  to  J.  Rand,  for  Cash,  64  yds.  of  chintz,  *  .30  per  yard, 


Sold  to  B.  Fay,  on  acc't,  60  yds.  of  shirting,  *  .12^  per  yard, 
3.    


*  Bought  of  S.  Brown,  for  Cash,  50  pairs  of  ladies'  kid  gloves,  ®  .50  per  pair, 
4.    


Bought  of  Lot  Allen,  on  acc't,  100  pairs  of  gents',  black  kid  gloves,  ®  .75  per  pair, 
10.  


Sold  to  F.  Harmar,  on  his  note,  48  yards  of  broadcloth,  »  $6.00  per  yard, 


(( 


Sold  to  S.  Brown,  on  acc't,  60  yards  of  sheeting,  ®  .10  per  yard, 
12.  


Sold  to  B.  Moore,  for  Cash,  20  pieces  of  sheeting,  each  30  yards,  »  .10  per  yard, 
_  15.  


Merchants'  Bank  has  discounted  Harmar's  note  ®  2  months  from  present  date. 

Received  in  Cash,  $284.98;  discount  off,  3.02, 
20.  


Sold  B.  Moore,  on  acc't,  5000  spools  of  cotton  thread,  •  .015  per  spool, 
21.  


Bought  of  B.  Fay,  for  Cash,  SO  pieces  of  kerseymere,  each  20  yards,  e  $1.50  per  yard, 
L-  22.  


Bought  of  Lot  Allen,  on  my  note, 
50  silk  shawls.   No.  1,  «  $2.00, 
30    "         "        No.  2,  0    3.00, 
20    "         "        No.  3,  •    4.50, 


$  100.00 
90.00 
90.00 


23. 


Sold  to  Charles  Lee,  for  Cash,  my  house  and  land. 


it 


Sold  to  N.  Dane,  for  Cash,  500  skeins  of  linen  thread,  0  .12i  per  skein, 
24. 


Sold  to  J.  Rand,  on  his  note,  60  yards  of  broadcloth,  •  $6.00  per  yard, 
25.  


Sold  to  S.  Brown,  on  his  note,  6  lbs.  of  sewing-silk,  ®  $2.50  per  lb., 
26 


Bought  of  J.  Nix,  for. Cash  and  my  note,  each  one  half,  1  chaise  and  harness, 
27.  _ 


Sold  to  Lot  Allen,  on  acc't,  50  pairs  of  woollen  hose,  ®  .35  per  pair, 
— _  28. 


Sold  to  B.  Moore  on  acc't,  5  vestings.  No.  1,  •  $5.00  each, 
.  29.  


Sold  to  J.  Rand,  on  acc't,  20  pieces  of  kerseymere,  each  20  yards,  •  $2.00  per  yard, 
30.  - ^ 


Bought,  for  Cash,  10  bags  of  meal,  •  $1.50, 
and  15  bags  of  oats,  »  75  per  bag. 


$15.00 
11.25 


J.  Rand  has  paid  his  note,  given  Jan.  24, 


Feb.  1. 


280 
ennn 
2500 

hi 
.     62 

gnn 
360 

re 
15 


225 

le 
17 

en 
25 

ann 
800 


26 


360 


eft. 


ra 
19 

20 

a 
7 

50 

25 

00 

75 

00 

eun 
288 

00 

u 
6 

in 
00 

ui 
60 

00 

288 

00 

hi 
75 

00 

!400 

00 

00 
00 

50 
00 

00 

00 

In 
50 

00 

00 

25 

00 


•  Transfer  a  record  of  all  parchases  to  the  Inventory. 


,\ 


30 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


WASTE   BOOK  No.  6— Continued. 


Boston,  Feb.  2,  1846. 


Sold  to  N.  Dane,  on  Lot  Allen's  note,  30  silk  shawls.  No.  1,  •  $3.00  each, 


Paid  Cash  for  6  cords  of  wood,  dt  $5.00, 


Sold  to  Charles  Lee,  on  acc't,  ibO  pairs  of  gents',  kid  gloves,  a  $L00, 

3.   ^ 


Paid  Cash  for  my  pew  tax, 


«( 


Sold  to  S.  Brown,  for  Cash,  10  pieces  of  kerseymere,  each  20  yards,  •  $2.00, 
_ —   4.   


Exchanged  notes  with  N.-  Dane,  each  note  to  run  60  days, 


t< 


6.   - 


I  have  paid  J.  Ford's  acc't.  Cash, 


Deducting  5  per  cent.. 


6. 


Sold  to  J.  Band,  on  his  note  at  2  months,  20  silk  shawls.  No.  2,  •  $4.00  each, 

20   "       "        No.  3,  #$5.00    " 


7. 


Sold  to  J.  Nix,  for  Cash,  my  horse  and  wagon, 


Paid  S.  Brown  for  the  use  of  his  team, 


8. 


9. 


Sold  to  B.  Moore,  for  Cash,  1000  pieces  of  tape,  ®  .06, 


(C 


Sold  to  Lot  Allen,  on  acc't,  50  pairs  of  Ladies'  kid  gloves,  »  .60, 
— 12.  


Sold  to  B.  Moore,  on  acc't,  10  pieces  of  kerseymere,  each  20  yards,  a  $2.00, 
_ 15.  


Sold  to  J.  Rand,  on  acc't,  5  pieces  of  broadcloth,  each  12  yards,  «  $6.00, 
20 


Paid  Cash  for  insurance, 


22. 


Bought  of  L.  Gould,  for  Cash,  2  boxes  of  candles,  each  30  lbs.,  •  .08,  for  family  use, 
24.  


Sold  to  B.  IMoore,  on  acc't,  10  pieces  of  chintz,  each  32  yards,  a  .23, 
: 25.  


Sold  to  J.  Rand,  on  acc't,  12  pieces  of  sheeting,  each  30  yards,  •  .10, 

28.  


Paid  my  clerk.  Cash,  for  2  months'  wages,  •  50  dollars  per  month. 


Merchants'  Bank  has  discounted  Dane's  note,  with  grace ;  received  Cash,  $494.75 

Discount  takeb,  6.25 


8190.00 
10.00 


80.00 
100.00 


ir 
¥• 


an 
90 

30 

tl 
100 

50 

gnn 
400 

500 


500 


200 


rln 
ISO 

rtl 
200 

2 

In 
60 

el 
30 

gnn 
400 

gnn 
360 

15 


m 
73 

ei 
36 


100 


ets. 

00 
00 

00 

00 

00 

00 

00 
.00 


00 

00 

00 
00 

00 
00 

00 
00 
80 

60 

in 
00 

00 


■ 


IX)UBLE  ENTRY. 


JOURNAL  NO.  5. 


Ledger. 
Dr.        Cr, 


Boston,  Jan.  1,  1846. 


1 
1 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 


o 

O 

3 


1 
3 


1 
3 


1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

1 
3 

3 

1 
3 

1 

1 
3 

1 
3 

2 

3 

1 
3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 
3 

l^Ierchandise 

Cash 

Bills  Receivable     " 

Real  Estate  " 

Movables  •• 


Dr.  to  Stock, 


CI 

M 
M 


Stock  Dr.  to  Bills  Payable, 
"      "    to  J.  Ford, 
"      "    to  N.  Jones, 


u 


Cash  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
"      "     to  Profit  and  Loss, 


u 


B.  Fay  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
<i     44      41    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


Merchandise  Dr.  to  Cash, 


_3.  . 

—  4. 

—  10. 

Bills  Receivable  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
"  ♦♦  "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


Merchandise  Dr.  to  Lot  Allen, 


u 


S.  Brown  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
"       "        "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


12. 


Cash  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
"      "     to  Profit  and  Loss, 


^15.. 

Cash  Dr.  to  Bills  Receivable, 

Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Bills  Receivable, 


B.  Moore  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
44       44      44     tQ  Profit  and  Loss, 


20. 


Merchandise  Dr.  to  Cash, 


21. 
22.. 


Merchandise  Dr.  to  Bills  Payable, 


Ciuih  Dr.  to  Real  Estate, 
"      "     to  Profit  and  Loss, 


23. 


$2661.00 
2500.00 
500.00 
2000.00 
SOO.OO 
500.00 
175.00 


500.(X) 
200.00 
300.00 


16.00 
3.20 


6.00 
1.50 


240.00 
4S.00 


4.80 
1.20 


48.00 
12.00 


284.98 
3.02 


50.00 
25.00 


2000.00 
500.00 


31 


cts. 


9136 


1000 


19 


25 
75 

288 


6 


00 


60 


75 

2400 
'  280 

2500 


00 


20 


50 

00 
UO 

00 


00 


00 


00 


00 

00 
00 

00 


1 


3S 


noUBI^  ENTRY. 

JOURNAL    No.  5— Continued. 


Ledger. 
Dr.       Cr, 


Boston,  Feb.  23, 1846. 


.3 


4 
1 


4 
3 


4 
1 

2 

1 
4 


1 
3 


1 
4 


1 
4 


1 
2 


1 
4 


I 
4 


1 
4 


1 
2 

1 
4 


1 
4 


1 
4 


2 
2 


Cash  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 

to  Profit  and  Loss, 


t(      (i 


24.. 


Bills  Receivable  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 

"    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


25. 


Bills  Receivable  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 

**     to  Profit  and  Loss, 


Movables  Dr.  to  Cash, 

to  Bills  Payable, 


—  26. 


<i  t( 


Lot  Allen  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
"       ••       "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


27 


B.  Moore  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
"       "       "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


28.. 


J.  Rand  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
"      "      "     to  Profit  and  Loss, 


-29.. 


Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Cash, 


30. 


Cash  Dr.  to  Bills  Receivable, 


Feb.  1. 


— 2. 

Bills  Receivable  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 

"    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Cash, 


i< 


u 


Charles  Lee  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 

"     "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Cash, 


Cash  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 

to  Profit  and  Loss, 


3. 


u 


U  (I 


Bills  Receivable  Dr.  to  Bills  Payable, 


« 


Cash  Dr.  to  Bills  Receivable, 

Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Bills  Receivable, 


t 


50.00 
12.50 


300.00 
60.00 


62 


12.00 
3.00 


360 


112.50 
112.50 


15 


225 


12.50 
5.00 


20.00 
5.00 


17 


600.00 
200.00 


60.00 
30.00 


75.00 
25.00 


300.00 
100.00 


494.76 
5.25 


25 

800 

26 

360 

90 

30 
100 

50 

400 

500 
500 


Cti. 


50 


00 


00 


00 


50 


00 
00 

00 
00 

00 
00 

00 
00 

00 
00 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


JOURNAL  No.  5  — Continued 


■f 


33 


Ledger. 
Dr.         Cr. 

Bostoriy  Feb.  5,  1846. 

• 

S 

3 
cts. 

2 

2 
2 

4 
2 

3 

3 

3 

4 

4 

3 
4 

3 
4 

2 

4 

1 
4 

2 

4 

2 

1 
4 

1 
4 

1 
4 

1 
4 

2 

2 

1 

1 

4 

2 

J.  Ford  Dr.  to  Cash, 

"      "      "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 

6. 

Bills  Receivable  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
"            "          "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 

• 

7 

190.00 
10.00 

200 
180 

200 

2 

60 

30 

400 

360 

15 
4 

80 

36 
100 

00 
00 

00 
00 
00 

00 

00 

00 

00 
80 

00 
00 

150.00 
30.00 

Cash  Dr.  to  Movables, 
"      "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 

175.00 
25.00 

Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Cash, 

9 

Cash  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
•»      "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 

50.00 
10.00 

• 

Lot  Allen  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
"      "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 

1Q 

25.00 
5.00 

B.  Moore  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
"       "      Dr.  to  Profit  and  Loss, 

15 

300.00 
100.00 

J.  Rand  Dr.  to  Merchiindise, 
"      "      "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 

• 

300.00 
60.00 

Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Cash, 

99 

Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Cash, 

?4 

B.  Moore  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 

95 

73.60 

6.40 

28.80 
7.20 

J.  Rand  Dr.  to  Merchandise, 
"      "      "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 

. 

Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Cash, 

00 

INDEX  TO  LEDGER  No.  6. 


f 

Allen  Lot, 

A. 

Unfa 
9 

Lee  Charles, 

L. 

% 

Bills  Beceivablet 
Bills  Payable, 
Browu  Sm 
Balance,  Trial, 
Balance, 

BL 

• 

• 

Merchandise, 
Moore  B., 
Movables, 

P. 

I 
S 

Cash, 

a 

1,2 

Profit  and  Lots, 

3,4 

Ford  J., 
Fay  B., 

F. 

J. 

S 
8 

• 

Real  Estate, 
Rand  J., 

& 

t 
t 

Jones  N., 

3 

Stock, 

■ 

1 

1' 


^1I1# 


1846. 


Jan.    1. 
"    28. 


1846. 


Jan.    1. 

2. 

(t 

3. 
4. 

10. 

« 

12. 

20. 
"  21. 
«     22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

Feb.    2. 

ti 

3. 

6. 

9. 

t( 

12. 
15. 
24. 
25. 
28. 


u 

(( 
(( 

M 
<C 

(( 
« 
It 


t( 
<( 
t( 
(( 
4( 
« 


it 
(i 
If 
(( 
It 
M 
(( 
(( 
it 
tt 


1846. 


Jan.    1. 
"      2. 


tt 

tt 

(t 

3. 

tt 

12. 

«t 

15. 

tt 

21. 

M 

23. 

t( 

tt 

tt 

26. 

(t 

80. 

Feb. 

1. 

<t 

2. 

tt 

3. 

ft 

tt 

t( 


4. 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


LEDGER  No.  5. 


Stock. 


By  Sundries, 
To       " 
"    Balance, 
By  Profit  and  Loss, 


Merchandise. 


To  Stock, 
By  Cash, 

"    B.  Fay, 
To  Cash, 

"   Lot  Allen, 
By  Bills  Receivable, 

"   S.  Brown, 

"    Cash, 

«   B.  Moore, 
To  Cash, 

"    Bills  Payable, 
By  Cash, 

"    Bills  Receivable, 


tt 


ft 


ft 


tt 
ft 


Lot  Allen, 

B.  Moore, 
J.  Rand, 

Bills  Receivable, 

C.  Lee, 
Cash, 

Bills  Receivable, 
Cash, 
Lot  Allen, 
B.  Moore, 
J.  Rand, 
Sundries, 
J.  Rand, 
Balance, 


Cash. 


To  Stock, 
"   Merchandise, 
"    Profit  and  Loss, 

By  Merchandise, 

To  Sundries, 
"    Bills  Receivable, 

By  Merchandise, 

To  Sundries, 

(f         t( 

By  Movables, 

"   Profit  and  Loss, 

To  Bills  Receivable, 

By  Profit  and  Loss, 
tf       tt        t(       ft 

To  Sundries, 
"    Bills  Receivable, 


J. 


J. 


J. 


Dr. 


Dr, 


J. 


1 

2661 

1 
1 

25 
75 

1 
1 

2400 
280 

\ 

5441 

00 


00 
00 


00 
00 


00 


Dr, 


1 

1 
1 

2500 

16 

3 

1 

1 

60 

284 

1 

2 

2500 
62 

2 

360 

2 
2 

400 
494 

00 
00 
20 

00 
98 

00 
50 


00 


00 
75 


1 
1 


1 
1 
1 
1 


2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
L.5 


J. 


2 
2 

2 
2 


35 


Cr. 


1 

9136    1 

1 

1000 

00 

L.5 

9171 

88 

L.  4. 

ia%5 

10171 

88 

10171 

88 


86 


Or. 


16 
6 


240 

4 

48 

50 


50 

300 

12 

12 

20 

600 

60 

75 

300 

150 

50 

25 

300 

300 

80 

28 

2712 


5441 


00 
00 


00 
90 
00 
00 


00 

00 
00 
50 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
00 
80 
90 


Cr. 


25 


2400 


112 
26 

30 
50 


00 


00 


00 


50 
25 

00 
00 


' 


DOUBLE  EPiTRY. 


LEDGER  No.  6— CoNTmuED. 


2 

Cash  —  Continued. 

1846. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

Feb.    5. 

By  J.  Ford, 

3 

190 

00 

"       7. 

To  Sundries, 

3 

200 

00 

«      8. 

By  Profit  and  Loss, 

• 

3 

2 

00 

«      9. 

To  Sundries, 

3 

60 

00 

"     20. 

By  Profit  and  Loss, 

3 

15 

00 

"     22. 

((      ((        t(       « 

3 

4 

80 

«     28. 

«             ({                 4(              «( 

3 

100 

00 

C(            <« 

"    Balance, 

• 

L.5 

3985 

88 

6941 

43 

6941 

43 

Bills  Receivablb. 

1846. 

1. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

Jan.    1. 

To  Stock, 

1 

.500 

00 

"     10. 

"    Sundries, 

1 

288 

00 

«     15. 

By 

1 

288 

00 

«     24. 

To 

2 

360 

00 

"     25. 

((         (( 

2 

15 

00 

Feb.    1. 

By  Cash, 

2 

360 

00 

"      2. 

To  Sundries, 

2 

90 

00 

"      4. 

*•    Bills  Payable, 

2 

500 

00 

• 

«          n 

By  Sundries, 

2 

500 

00 

"      6. 

To 

3 

180 

00 

"     28. 

By  Balance, 

L.5 

785 

00 

1933 

00 

1933 

00 

Real  Estate. 

1846. 

J. 

• 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

Jan.     1. 

To  Stock, 

1 

2800 

00 

"     23. 

By  Cash, 

1 

2000 

00 

Feb.  28. 

"    Balance, 

L.5 

800 

00 

2800 

00 

2800 

00 

Movables. 

1846. 

J. 

Dr 

• 

J. 

Cr, 

Jan.     1. 

To  Stock, 

1 

675 

00 

"     26. 

"    Sundries, 

2 

225 

00 

Feb.    7. 

By  Cash, 

3 

175 

00 

"     28. 

"    Balance, 

L.5 

725 

'00 

900 

00 

900 

00 

Bills  Patablb. 

1846. 

• 

J. 

Dr 

• 

J. 

Cr. 

Jan.    1. 

Bv  Stock, 

1 

500 

00 

"     22. 

"   Merchandise, 

1 

280 

00 

"     26. 

"   Movables, 

2 

112 

50 

Feb.    4. 

"    Bills  Receivable, 

2 

500 

00 

"     28. 

To  Balance, 

L.5 

1392 

50 

1392 

50 

1302 

50 

J.  FoED. 

1846. 

. 

J. 

Dr 

• 

J. 

Cr. 

Jan.      1. 

By  Stock, 

1 

200 

00 

Feb.      5. 

To  Sundries, 

3 

200 

00 

I 


I 

i 


1846. 


Jan.  1. 

Feb.  28. 


1846. 


Jan.  2. 
Feb.  28. 


1846. 


Jan.  4. 

«  27. 
Feb.  9. 

"  28. 


Jan.  20. 

"  28. 
Feb.  12. 

"  24. 

"  28. 


1846. 


Jan.  29. 

Feb.  15. 

"  25. 

"  28. 


Jan.  2. 

10. 

(( 

12. 
15. 
20. 
"  23. 


(I 

« 

(( 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


LEDGER  No.  5— Continued. 


3T 


N.  Jones. 


By  Stock, 
To  Balance, 


B.  Fay. 


To  Sundries, 
By  Balance, 


Lot  Allen. 


By  Merchandise, 

To  Sundries, 

((         (i 

'*    Balance, 


To  Sundries, 


(t         t( 


{(         i( 


"    Merchandise, 
By  Balance, 


J.  Rand. 


To  Sundries, 
By  Balance, 


By  Cash, 

"   B.  Fay, 

"   Bills  Receivable, 

"    S.  Brown, 

"    Cash, 

To  Bills  Receivable, 
By  B.  Moore. 

"   Cash, 


(t       (( 


J 


J. 


Dr. 


J. 


Cr. 


L.5 


300 


00 


300     I     00 


Dr. 


J. 


Cr. 


50 


L.5 


7         50 


J. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


1 

75 

2 

17 

50 

3 

30 

00 

L.5 

27 

50 

75 

00 

75     i 

00 


1846. 

S.  Brown. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

Jan.  10. 

Feb.  28. 

To  Sundries, 
By  Balance, 

1 

6 

00 

L.5 

6 

00 

1946. 

B.   MOOBB. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

J. 


Dr. 


J. 


02 


1 

75 

00 

2 

25 

00 

3 

400 

00 

3 

73 

60 

L.5 

573 

573 

60 

573 

60 


60 


Cr. 


2 

800 

00 

3 

360 

00 

3 

36 

00 

L.5 

1196 

1196 

00 

1196 

00 


00 


1846 

Chables  Lee. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

Feb.   2. 
«     28. 

To  Sundries, 
By  Balance, 

2 

100 

00 

L.5 

100 

00 

1846. 

Profit  and  Loss. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

3 

20 

1 

50 

4S 

00 

1 

20 

12 

00 

25 

00 

500 

00 

2 

12 

50 

38 


1846. 


Jan 

.24. 

<( 

25. 

(( 

27. 

(( 

28. 

it 

29. 

<( 

30. 

Feb 

.   2. 

«( 

« 

(1 

(( 

(( 

3. 

<( 

t( 

<• 

4. 

K 

6. 

<< 

6. 

(t 

7. 

(( 

8. 

t( 

9. 

i( 

i< 

«( 

12. 

U 

15. 

(i 

20. 

(t 

22. 

« 

24. 

(( 

25. 

{( 

28. 

1846. 


Feb.  28. 


« 

« 
(( 

u 
II 
l( 

M 

U 
It 
It 
II 
II 
II 


t( 
«< 
II 
(( 
(( 
(I 
« 
l( 
l< 
11 
li 
II 
It 

ic 
II 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


LEDGER  No.  5— CoirrmuED. 


Profit  and  Loss — Continued, 


By  Bills  Receivable, 

"   Lot  Allen, 

"   B.  Moore, 

"   J.  Rand, 
To  Cash, 

By  Bills  Receivable, 
To  Cash, 
By  Charles  Lee, 
To  Cash, 
By    « 

To  Bills  Receivable, 
By  J.  Ford, 

"   Bills  Receivable, 

"    Cash, 
To     " 
By     « 

"   Lot  Allen, 

"   B.Moore, 

"   J.  Rand, 
To  Cash, 


It 


It 


"   Merchandise, 
By  J.  Rand, 
To  Cash, 
*'    Stock, 


Trial  Balahcz. 


Stock, 

Merchandise, 

Cash, 

Bills  Receivable, 

Real  Estate, 

Movables, 

Bills  Payable, 

J.  Ford, 

N.  Jones, 

B.  Fay, 

Lot  Allen, 

S.  Brovga, 

B.  Moore, 
J.  Rand, 

C.  Lee, 
Profit  and  Loss 


J. 


Dr. 


2 

26 

2 

30 

2 

50 

2 

6 

3 

2 

3 
3 
3 

15 
4 
6 

3 
L.1 

100 
1035 

1278 

25 
00 
00 
25 

00 


00 
80 
40 

00 

88 


60 


Dr. 


Cr. 


2 
2 
2 
2 
2 


3 
3 
3 

3 
3 
3 
3 


60 
3 
5 
5 

200 

30 

25 

100 

10 
30 
25 

10 

5 

100 

60 


1278 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

00 

00 

00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 
00 


20 


60 


Cr. 


1 

1000 

00 

1 

9136 

00 

1 

5441 

00 

1 

2728 

10 

2 

6941 

43 

2 

2955 

55 

2 

1933 

00 

2 

1148 

00 

2 

2800 

00 

2 

2000 

00 

2 

900 

00 

2 
2 

175 
1392 

00 
50 

2 

200 

00 

2 
3 

200 
300 

00 
00 

3 

7 

50 

3 

47 

50 

3 

75 

00 

3 

6 

00 

3 

57.3 

60 

3 

1196 

00 

• 

3 

100 

00 

4 

242 

72 

4 

1278 

60 

21388 

75 

21388 

75 

DOUBLE  ENTRY. 

as 

LEDGER  No.  5  — 

Continued. 

Balance. 

5 

1 

1846 

. 

L.                 Dr. 

L. 

Cr. 

Feb.  28.     1     To  B.  Fay, 

3 

7 

50 

K           1 

♦            By  Lot  Allen, 

3 

27 

50 

II           1 

To  BiUs  Receivable, 

2 

785 

00 

II           1 

'             "   Real  Estate, 

2 

800 

00 

II           1 

♦              "   Movables, 

2 

725 

00 

II           1 

'            By  N.  Jones, 

3 

300 

00 

II           1 

*            To  B.  Moore, 

3 

573 

60 

II           1 

'             "    Charles  Lee, 

3 

100 

00 

II           1 

*             "   J.  Rand, 

3 

1196 

00 

II           t 

«             "   Cash, 

2 

3985 

88 

M          1 

*             "   Merchandise, 

1 

2712 

90 

II          1 

'            By  Bills  Payable, 

2 

1392 

50 

II          1 

•            To  S.  Brown, 

3 

6 

00 

II          1 

*            By  Stork, 

1 

9171 

88 

10891 

88 

10891 

88 

M 


40 


DOUBLE  ENTRY 


pare 


THE  FARMER'S  SERIES.    No.  6. 

The  agriculturist  will  find  the  application  of  the  principles  of  Double  Entry  extremely  useful  in  enabling  him  to  corn- 
re  the  profits  of  the  different  branches  of  his  business,  or  of  the  different  fields,  by  keeping  a  separate  account  with  each. 

INVENTORY  AND  WASTE-BOOK  OF  THE   FARMER'S   SERIES.  — No.  6. 


Jan.  1. 

K           <( 
t(           li 

<4           « 
«           <( 

«           ({ 

{l           ({ 
<(           U 

t<          t( 
M          (t 

«     2. 
"  10. 

«  2a 

"   30. 
Feb.    1. 
March  15. 
April    20. 

«        (1 
May  30. 

June  28. 

Sept.  30. 

i(       <( 

tl       It 

It       (t 

Suttarn,  January  1,  1846. 

I  have  a  farm  in  3  fields ;  viz.. 
Front  Field,  5  acres,  •  $100.00, 
West  Field,  4  acres,  «  S120.00, 
Bald  Pate,  10  acres,  n  $60.00, 

Hay,  30  tons,  «  $15.00, 
Maize,  200  bushels,  0  .60, 
Potatoes,  300  bushels,  •  .25, 

Farming  tools. 
Cash, 

$500.00 
480.00 
600.00 

1580 

645 

300 
2000 

00 

00 

00 
00 

450.00 

120.00 

75.00 

4525 

88         %    2    2    2    S    ^              8g88S8S§ 

I  owe  George  Nash,  on  note, 
"    "     Samuel  Mason,  on  ac't. 

500.00 
100.00 

600 

300 
40 

75 
10 
12 

20 

49 

100 
2 

80 
175 

10 

244 
30 

Bought  of  Luke  Fisk,  for  Cash,  6  milch  cows,  •  $50.00, 

Bought  of  Ralph  Brown,  on  ac't,  8  cords  of  manure,  for  compost,  •  $5.00, 

Sold  to  Asa  Long,  for  Cash,  1  milch  cow. 

Paid  for  teaming  wood,  Cash,                                           ^ 

Bought  for  Cash,  for  feeding  cows,  1  ton  of  carrots. 

Bought  for  Cash,  poudrette,  10  bbls.,  •  $2.00, 

Ploughed  and  planted  West  Field  with  maize,  1  bushel  of  seed, 

„    "           "         "           "        "         "    potatoes,  10  bushels,  •  .25, 
Poudrette,  2  bbls.  «  $2.00, 

Manure  from  the  barn-yard,  5  cords,  •  $5.00  per  cord. 
Labored  6  days,  •  $2.50, 

3.00 

2.50 

4.00 

25  00 

15.00 

Sold  to  N.  Lord,  on  note,  200  bushels  of  potatoes,  •  .50  per  bushel. 

Paid  for  mending  wagon,  Cash, 

Sold  to  Samuel  Mason,  on  ac't,  100  bushels  of  maize,  •  .80, 

Sold  to  R.  Prince,  for  Cash,  700  lbs.  of  butter,  •  .25,                        '      ' 

Paid  for  pasturing  cows,  Cash, 

Gathered  the  crops  from  West  Field, 
Maize,  100  bushels,  «  $1.00, 
Potatoes,  320  bushels,  A  .45, 

^po.oo 

144.00 

Estimated  value  of  hay  consumed  by  cows. 

f 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


41 


JOURNAL  OF  THE   FARMER'S   SERIES,   No.   6. 


Sutton^  Jan.  1,  1846. 

L. 

Jan.    1. 

((       t< 

II       II 
II       II 

H            II 
II            « 

"      2. 

••     10. 

"     18. 

"'    30. 
Feb.    1. 
March  15. 
April  20. 

<i        i( 

May  30. 

II      11 

June  28. 
II      II 

Sept.  30. 

Front  Field  Dr.  to  Stock, 

West  Field, 

Bald  Pate, 

Storehouse, 

Farming  Tools, 

Cash, 

$500.00 
480.00 
600.00 
645.00 
300.00 

2000.00 

2 

2 
2 
2 

2 

1 

3 

2 
2 
2 
2 
2 

2 
2 

2 

2 
2 

1 
1 
2 
1 

2 
2 

2 
3 
2 

1 
2 

2 
3 

1 

2 
3 

1 
1 
2 
2 

4525 

600 

300 
40 
75 
10 
12 
20 

49 

100 

2 

80 

175 

10 

244 

30 

8888       88       8          8             888888       8         8 

Stock  Dr.  to  Bills  Payable, 
"       "    to  Samuel  Mason, 

500.00 
100.00 

Dairy  Dr.  to  Cash, 

Manure  Dr.  to  Ralph  Brown, 

Cash  Dr.  to  Dairy, 

Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Cash, 

Dairy  Dr.  to  Cash, 

Manure  Dr.  to  Cash, 

West  Field  Dr.  to  Storehouse, 

"       "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 
"        "      "    to  Manure, 
"       "    to  Dairy, 
"      "    to  Labor, 

3.10 

2.40 

4.00 

25.00 

15.00 

Bills  Receivable  Dr.  to  Storehouse, 

"     to  Profit  and  Loss, 

50.00 
50.00 

Farming  Tools  Dr.  to  Cash, 

• 

Samuel  Mason  Dr.  to  Storehouse, 
••           "       "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 

60.00 
20.00 

Cash  Dr.  to  Dairy, 

Dairy  Dr.  to  Cash, 

Storehouse  Dr..  to  West  Field, 

II       II 

Dairy  Dr.  to  Storehouse, 

April  20,  West  Field  is  made  Dr.  to  Dairy  for  manure  made  in  the  yard 

6 


II 


1 1 


l! 
l! 

II 


42 


DOUBLE  ENTRY*, 


LEDGER  OF  THE   FARMER'S   SERIES,  No.  6. 


1 

1846. 

Stock. 

J.                  Br.              J.                 Cr, 

Jan.    1. 

((            (C 

Sept.  30. 

By  Sundries, 

To 

By  Profit  and  Loss, 

To  Balance, 

1 
L.3 

600 
4354 

00 
90 

1 

L.3 

429 

00 
90 

4954 

90 

4954 

9U 

Daiky. 
1846.                                                                                       J.                iv.               J.                 Cr, 

Jan.    2. 

«     IS. 

Feb.    1. 

April  20. 

June  28. 
((      (1 

Sept.  30. 
t(       it 

«       (t 

• 

To  Cash, 

By    " 

To     " 

By  West  Field, 

"   Cash, 
To     " 

"    Storehouse, 
By  Balance, 
To  Profit  and  Loss, 

1 
1 

1 
1 

L.3 

300 
12 

10 

30 

173 

00 
CO 

00 
00 

00 

1 

1 

1 

L.3 

75 

25 
175 

250 

CO 

00 
00 

00 

525 

00 

525 

00 

Cask. 
1S46.                                                                                         J.                 IV.               J.                  Cr. 

Jan.    1. 

"      2. 

"    18. 

"    30. 
Feb.    1. 
March  15. 
May  30. 
June  28. 

Sept.  30. 

To  Stock, 

By  Dairy, 

To    « 

By  Profit  and  Loss, 

"    Dairy, 

"   Manure,                                  , 

"   Farming  Tools, 
To  Dairy, 
By    " 

"   Balance, 

1 

1 

1 

2000 
75 

175 

00 
00 

00 

1 

1 
1 
1 
1 

1 
L.3 

300 

10 

12 

20 

2 

10 
1896 

00 

00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 

2250 

00 

2:^50 

00 

Ralph  Brown. 
1^6.                                                                                                            IV.                J.                 Or. 

Jan.    10. 
Sept.  30. 

By  Manure, 
To  Balance, 

L.3 

40 

00 

1 

40 

00 

40 

00 

40 

00 

Manure. 
1846.                                                                                             J.                 IV.                 J.                 Ct. 

Jan.  10. 
March  15. 
April  20. 
Sept.  30. 

To  Ralph  Brown, 

"   Cash 
By  West  Field, 

"    Balance, 

1 
1 

40 
20 

00 
00 

1 
L.3 

4 
56 

00 
00 

60 

00 

60 

00 

Bills  Payable. 
1846.                                                                                            J.                 2V.                 J.                  Ct. 

Jan.      1. 
Sept.  30. 

By  Stock, 
To  Balance, 

L.3 

500 

00 

\J^ 

500 

00 

500 

00 

600 

00 

1846. 


Jan.      1. 
Sept.  30. 


1846. 


Jan.  1. 
April  20. 
Sept.  30. 

ii  iC 

((         (i 


1846. 


Jan.      1. 
Sept.  30. 


1846. 


Jan.  1. 
May  30. 
Sept.  30. 


1846. 


Jan.      1. 
April  20. 

i(  ct 

May  30. 

Sept.  30. 
t(      it 

M  « 


1846. 


April  20. 
Sept.  30. 


1846. 


April  20. 
Sept.  30. 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 

LEDGER  OF  THE  FARMER'S  SERIES,  No.  6— Continued. 


Front  Field. 


To  Stock, 
By  Balance, 


West  Field. 


To  Stock, 

"    Sundries, 
By  Storehouse, 

"    Balance, 
To  Profit  and  Loss, 


Bald  Pate. 


To  Stock, 
By  Balance, 


Farming  Tools. 


To  Stock, 
"   Cash, 
By  Balance, 


Storehouse. 


To  Stock, 

By  West  Field, 
"   Bills  Receivable, 
"    Samuel  Mason, 

To  West  Field, 

By  Dairy, 
"   Balance, 


Bills  Receivable. 


To  Sundries, 
By  Balance, 


Samuel  Mason. 


Labor. 


By  West  Field, 
To  Balance, 


J. 


Dr. 


J. 


500 


500 


00 


00 


L.3 


J. 


Dr. 


J. 


J. 


JDr. 


J. 


600 


600 


00 


00 


L.3 


J. 


Dr. 


J. 


1 
1 


300 
2 


302 


00 
00 


00 


L.3 


J. 


Dr. 


J. 


J. 


Dr, 


J. 


100 


00 


L.3 


J. 


Dr. 


J. 


L.3 


15 


15 


00 


00 


43 


Cr. 


500 


500 


00 


00 


Cr. 


1 

480 

00 

1 

49 

50 

1 
L.3 

244 
480 

L.3 

194 

50 

724 

00 

724 

00 

00 


00 


Cr. 


600 


600 


00 


00 


Cr. 


302 


302 


00 


UO 


Cr. 


1 

645 

00 

1 
1 
1 

3 

50 
60 

1 

244 

00 

1 
L.3 

30 
745 

889 

00 

889 

10 
00 

00 

00 

90 


00 


Cr. 


100 


00 


1846. 

J. 

'    Dr 

• 

J. 

Cr. 

Jan.      1. 
May  30. 
Sept.  30. 

By  Stock, 
To  Sundries, 
"   Balance, 

1 
L.3 

80 
20 

00 
00 

1 

100 

00 

100 

00 

100 

00 

Cr. 


15 


15 


00 


0C» 


i 


8 


hi 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


LEDGER  OF  THE  FARMER'S   SERIES.  — No.  6.  —  Continued. 


3 

Pboht  and  Loss. 

1846. 

1. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

Jan.    30. 

To  Cash, 

1 

10 

00 

1 

April  20. 

By  West  Field, 

1 

2 

40 

t(       « 

"   Bills  Receivable, 

1 

1 

1 

50 

00 

May  30. 

"    Samuel  Mason, 

1 

20 

00 

Sept- 30. 

"    Dairy, 

L.1 

173 

00 

((       (t 

"   West  Field, 

L.1 

194 

50 

((      (( 

To  Stock, 

L.1 

429 

90 

439 

90 

439 

90 

Tbial  Balance. 

1846. 

L. 

Dr. 

L. 

Cr, 

Sept.  30. 

Stock, 

1 

600 

00 

4525 

00 

ti      (( 

Dairy, 

1 

352 

00 

275 

00 

((      (( 

Cash, 

1 

2250 

00 

354 

00 

«(      « 

Manure, 

1 

60 

00 

4 

00 

«(      « 

Ralph  Brown, 

1 

40 

00 

<{           c< 

Profit  and  Loss, 

a 

10 

00 

72 

40 

((         « 

Bills  Payable, 

1 

500 

00 

«         (( 

Front  Field, 

2 

500 

00 

t(         (( 

West  Field, 

2 

529 

50 

244 

00 

((         (t 

Bald  Pate, 

2 

600 

00 

«        « 

Storehouse, 

2 

889 

00 

143 

10 

((         ({ 

Farming  Tools,                                               ** 

2 

302 

00 

(t         <( 

Bills  Receivable, 

2 

100 

00 

t<        « 

Samuel  Mason, 

2 

60 

00 

100 

00 

u        u 

Labor, 

2 

15 

00 

6272 

50 

6272 

50 

Balance. 

1846. 

L. 

Dr. 

L. 

Cr. 

Sept.  30. 

To  Dairy, 

1 

250 

00 

t( 

u 

"   Cash, 

1 

1896 

00 

(( 

l( 

"   Manure, 

1 

56 

00 

„ 

(( 

l( 

By  Ralph  Brown, 

1 

40 

00 

(( 

It 

"    Bills  Payable, 

1 

500 

00 

i( 

It 

To  Front  Field, 

2 

500 

00 

(t 

It 

"   AVest  Field, 

2 

480 

00 

((      ( 

( 

"    Bald  Pate, 

2 

600 

00 

t<       1 

t 

"    Storehouse, 

2 

745 

90 

«      I 

i 

"    Farming  Tools, 

2 

302 

00 

«(       i 

( 

"    Bills  Receivable, ' 

2 

100 

00 

U            1 

( 

By  Samuel  Mason, 

2 

20 

00 

U             1 

( 

"    Labor, 

2 

15 

00 

"  "  1 

"   Stock, 

1 

4354 

90 

1 

4929 

90 

4929 

90 

«  • 


I 

1 


I 


May  1. 


(I 
<i 

<4 
<i 
tl 


"  12. 


"  25. 
"  28. 
"  29. 


« 


31. 


May  1. 
it      t( . 


u 
(( 


u 

(( 


"  12. 

"  25. 

•«  2a 

«•  29. 

"  31. 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


THE  MEjCHANIC'S  SERIES. 


WASTE   BOOK  No.  7. 


Lowellj  May  1,  1846. 


Inventory. 


I  have,  in  Cash, 

1  Shop,  valued  (• 

1  Tool  Chest  and  Tools, 

Timber,  10000  feet,  «  .05, 

Shingles,  40  M.,  •  $3.50, 


$500.00 
140.00 


100 

800 
40 

640 


Shingled  a  bam  for  John  Dole,  and  furnished  12  M.  shingles,  •  $4.00, 
I  wrought  6  days,  0  $1.50, 
My  apprentice  ^o.  «  $1.00, 


48.00 
9.00 
6.00 


Broke  a  saw  and  purchased  a  new  one  for  Cash, 


John  Dole  has  paid  Cash  on  his  bill. 


Built  a  woodhouse  for  Henry  Brown,  and  furnished  200  feet  of  timber, 

I  wrought  4  days,  a  $1.50, 

My  apprentice  do.  6  days,  «  $1.00, 


.06, 


6.00 
6.00 


1580 


63 

1 

§0 

12 
12 


Henry  Brown  has  given  me  his  note  for  his  bill, 


24 
24 


JOURNAL  No.  7. 


Lowell^  May  1,  1846. 
Dr. 


cts. 


Cr. 


Cash, 

Real  Estate, 
Tool  Chest, 
Lumber, 


John  Dole, 


Profit  and  Loss, 


Cash, 


Henry  Brown, 


Bills  Receivable, 


1 
1 
1 
1 


100 

800 

40 

640 


63 


50 
24 
24 


00 
00 
00 

00 


00 


00 

50 

00 

00 
00 


00 
00 


00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

50 
00 

00 

00 

Stock, 

1 
2 

2 
2 

1580 

42 

6 
15 

1 

50 

10 

2 

12 

24 

00 

Lumber, 
Profit  and  Loss, 
Labor, 

00 
00 
00 

Cash, 

50 

John  Dole, 

00 

Lumber, 
Profit  and  Loss, 
Labor, 

00 
00 
00 

Henry^  Brown, 

00 

46 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


LEDGER  No.  7. 


1 

1846. 

Stock. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr, 

May    1. 
♦'     31. 

By  Sundries, 
"    Profit  and  Loss, 
To  Balance, 

L.2 

1586 

> 

50 

1 
1 

1580 
6 

00 
50 

1586 

50 

15S6 

50 

1846. 

Cash. 

3. 

Jh. 

J. 

Cr, 

May    1. 
"     25. 

"    28. 
"    31. 


1846. 


May  1. 
"  12. 
"  29. 
"     31. 


1846. 


May  12. 
29. 
31. 


To  Stock, 
By  Profit  and  Loss, 
To  John  Dole, 
By  Balance, 


Real  Estate. 


Tool  Chest. 


To  Stock, 
By  John  Dole, 

"   Henry  Brown, 

"    Balance, 


Labor. 


By  John  Dole, 
"    Henry  Brown, 
To  Balance, 


J. 


Dr. 


Dr. 


J. 


1 

100 

00 

1 

1 

1 

50 

00 

L.2 

148 

150 

00 

150 

50 
50 


00 


1846. 

J. 

Dr. 

Cr. 

May    1. 
"    31. 

To  Stock, 
By  Balance, 

-■  - 1     

1 

800 

00 

L.2 

800 

00 

Cr. 


May    1. 
"     31. 

To  Stock, 
By  Balance, 

1 

40 

00 

L.2 

40 

00 

1846. 

Lumber. 

J. 

Dr. 

« 

J. 

Cr. 

1 

640 

00 

1 

42 

00 

1 

10 

00 

L.2 

588 

00 

640 

00 

640 

00 

1816. 

John  Dole. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

May  12. 

"     28. 
"    31. 

To  Sundries. 
By  Cash, 
•'    Balance, 

1 

63 

00 

1 
L.2 

50 
13 

00 
00 

63 

00 

63 

00 

Cr. 


1 

15 

00 

1 

12 

00 

L.2 

27 

00 

27 

00 

27 

00 

t 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


LEDGER  No.  7  — Continued. 


1846 

Henry  Brown. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

May  29. 
"     31. 

To  Sundries, 

By  Bills  Receivable, 

1 

24 

00 

1 

24 

00 

1846. 

Bills  Receivable. 

J. 

Dr. 

Cr. 

M 

it 

iy31. 

To  Henry  Brown, 
By  Balance, 

1 

24 

00 

L.2 

24 

00 

1846. 

Profit  and  Lass. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

May  12. 
"    25. 
"     29. 

By  John  Dole, 
To  Cash, 
By  Henry  Brown, 
To  Stock, 

1 
L.l 

1 
6 

50 
50 

1 

1 

6 
2 

00 

00 

8 

00 

8 

00 

1846. 

Balance. 

J. 

Dr. 

J. 

Cr. 

M. 

t 

( 
1 
( 

« 

iy31. 

To  Cash,                                                        ^ 

"   Real  Estate, 

"   Tool  Chest, 

"   Lumber, 

"   John  Dole, 
By  Labor, 

To  Bills  Receivable, 
By  Stock, 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

2 

148 
800 

40 
588 

13 

24 

50 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 

1 
L.l 

27 
1.5S6 

• 

00 
.50 

1613 

50 

1613         50 

§ 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


SPECIAL   PARTNERSHIP. 

June  1,  1846.  Formed  a  partnership  with  Moses  Allen  and  George  Brown,  for  the  purpose  of  dealing  in  bread-^tufls; 
for  the  transaction  of  the  business  of  said  partnership,  I  am  to  receive  2  per  cent,  on  the  amount  of  sales,  and  the  net 
proceeds  are  to  be  divided  among  the  partners,  in  proportion  to  the  amount  supplied,  and  the  time  it  remained  in  the 
company.     Sales  to  continue  tliree  months. 


WASTE   BOOK  Co.  A.,  No.  8. 


COMPANY  ACCOUNTS. 


(1 )  In  forming  n  parmership  with  one  or  more  persons,  it  is  necessary  to  distinguish  the  firm  by  some  name,  men 
J  nartnerZ  is  desitned  to  be  permanent,  the  names  of  the  partners  are  usually  adopted ;  as,  Howard  &  Green.  An 
!^rntt  dr„  and  si^erby  each  member  of  the  firm,  in  which  are  specified  all  the  terms  of  the  company  i  as. 
h^lTro  btrss  the  „am°e  of  eLh  partner,  the  name  of  the  firm,  the  kind  of  business,  the  — '  f -"^P^^-^ 
deposite,  the  division  of  profits,  the  compensation  to  be  made  to  each  partner  or  hjs  personal  services,  the  tmie  of  eonun- 
nance  and  anv  other  matters  which  may  be  necessary  to  exhibit  the  rights  of  each  partner. 
^20    A  iTme^ship  designed  to  be  permanent,  requires  the  books  to  be  kept  in  the  same  manner  as  are  those  of  «, 

"tsTtat  when  several  persons,  who  are  engaged  in  other  business,  enter  into  a  speculation  in  company,  the  per«,a 
who  transacts  the  business  opens  an  account  with  Merchandise  in  Co.  ,  .       ^  .  ...  .  ,„  ■ 

(irThis  account  represems  all  the  property  embirked  in  the  concern,  and  is  to  ^^^'^  Zl^T^'  which  ae 
5  )  The  agent  exhibits  his  own  interest  in  the  company,  under  the  usual  forms  of  Cash,  Merchandise.  &c.,  which  ae 
Biay  keep  sej^te  from  his  general  business  or  not,  as  his  convenience  dictates. 
If  the  same  name  occur  in  the  company  book  as  in  your  own  set,  write  Co.  after  it. 


1.  Give  the  substance  of  Section  1. 

2.  How  are  the  books  of  a  permanent  partnership  to  be  kept  ? 
3!  How  are  the  books  of  a  speculation  in  company  to  be  kept  ? 


4.  What  does  Merchandise  in  Company  represent  f 

5.  What  of  the  agent's  interest  ? 


Boston,  June  1,  1846. 


I  have  furnished,  from  my  store,  50  bbls.  of  flour,  0  $4.00  per  bbl., 
Moses  Allen  has  furnished  200  bushels  of  com,  0  .50, 
George  Brown  has  furnished  8(X)  bags  of  meal,  0  $1.00, 


2. 


Sold  to  John  Allen,' on  ac't,  100  bags  of  meal  belonging  to. Co.  A.,  0  $1.25, 
, 4.  


Sold  to  Charles  Brown,  for  Cash,  20  bbls.  of  flour,  Co.  A.,  0  $4.50, 
20.  


Sold  to  Henry  Bond,  on  his  note,  100  bushels  of  com,  Co.  A.,  0  .60, 
25.  — 


Bought  for  Co.  A.,  on  note  of  the  company,  120  bbls.  of  flour,  0  $4.00, 
— 30.  


Sold  to  R,  Lunt,  on  his  note,  50  bags  of  meal,  Co.  A.,  0  $1.20, 

July  1. 


Sold  to  Paul  Brown,  for  Cash,  40  bbls.  of  flour,  Co.  A.,  0  $5.00, 
15.  


Bought  of  Eli  Chase,  for  Cash,  50  bags  of  meal,  for  Co.  A.,  0  $1.00, 
— . Ausr.  1. 


Moses  Allen  has  put  into  Co.  A.,  300  bushels  of  com,  0  .50  per- bushel, 
12.  


Sold  to  George  Smith,  on  his  note,  50  bushels  of  com,  Co.  A.,  0  .70, 

Sept.  1. 


Sold,  for  Cash,  to  Charles  Jones,  the  remaining  merchandise  of  Co.  A. ;  viz., 

700  bags  of  meal,  0  $1.10, 
110  bbls.  of  flour,  0  $4.50, 
350  bushels  of  com,  0  .70, 


(( 


$200.00 
100.00 
800.00 


tnn 

770.00 
uun 
495.00 

nl 
245.00 


This  day  closed  the  books  of  Co.  A.,  and  charged  2  per  cent  commission  on  sales. 


1100 


mn 
125 

in 
90 

In 
60 

4S0 

In 
60 

ran 
200 

50 

150 

el 
35 


tstI 
1510 


11 


ets. 


00 


00 


GO 
60 


i 


00 
00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
00 
00 


80 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


SI 


i 


;  1 


1846. 


June  1. 


"      2. 


"      4. 


(( 


20. 


"    25. 


«    30. 


«•    15. 


Aug.  1. 


«    12. 


Sept.  1. 


M  M 


JOURNAL  CO.  A.,  NO.  8. 


Boston,  June  1, 1846. 


Merchandise,  Co.  A.  Dr.  to  Sundries ;  viz., 
Merchandise, 
Moses  Allen, 
George  Brown, 


John  Allen  Dr.  to  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 
«»        «»      «*    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


Cash,  Co.  A.  Dr.  to  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 
««       «♦     "     «*     to  Profit  and  Loss, 


Bills  Receivable  Dr.  to  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 
"    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


{( 


Merchandise,  Co.  A.  Dr.  to  Bills  Pa3rable, 


Bills  Receivable  Dr.  to  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 
"    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


« 


i( 


July   1.  Cash,  Co.  A.  Dr.  to  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 

"       «     «♦     "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


Merchandise,  Co.  A.  Dr.  to  Cash,  Co.  A., 


Merchandise,  Co.  A.  Dr.  to  Moses  Allen, 


Bills  Receivable  Dr.  to  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 
"  "    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


u 


Cash,  Co.  A.  Dr.  to  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 
•*       "    «»    *«    to  Profit  and  Loss, 


8200.00 
100.00 
800.00 


100.00 
25.00 


80.00 
10.00 


50.00 
10.00 


50.00 
10.00 


1 
1 
1 
1 


2 
2 


2 
2 


3 
3 


160.00 
40.00 


25.00 
10.00 


1315.00 
195.00 


Profit  and  Loss  Dr.  to  Cash,  Co.  A.,  rec.  by  me  for  commission, 


3 
3 


2 
2 


3 
3 


2 
2 


1 
1 
2 


1 
2 


1 
2 


1 
2 


1 
2 


1 
2 


2 
1 


1 
2 


1 
2 


1100 


125 


90 


60 


480 


60 


200 

50 
150 

35 


1510 


41 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 


00 

00 
00 

00 


uE:.i 


00 


60 


1846. 


June 

1. 

<« 

2. 

« 

4. 

« 

20. 

<( 

25. 

«i 

30. 

July 

1. 

<( 

15. 

Aug. 

1. 

<« 

12. 

Sept 

.  1. 

t( 

(( 

<( 

<( 

1846. 


June    1. 
Sept.  1. 


LEDGER  Co.  A.,  No.  8, 


Merchjindise,  Co.  A. 


J. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


To  Sundries, 

By  John  Allen, 
♦•    Cash,  Co.  A., 
"    Bills  Receivable, 

To  Bills  Payable, 

By  Bills  Receivable, 
"    Cash,  Co.  A., 

To    '•        "     '• 
"   Moses  Allen, 

By  Bills  Receivable, 
"   Cash,  Co.  A., 
"    Profit  and  Loss, 

To  Balance, 


1 

1100 

00 

1 

100 

00 

1 

80 

00 

1 

50 

00 

1 

4S0 

00 

1 

50 

00 

1 

ICO 

00 

1 

50 

00 

1 

150 

00 

1 

25 

00 

1 

1315 

00 

L.2 

258 

40 

L.3 

258 

40 

2038 


40 


2038 


40 


Mebchandise. 


J. 


Dr. 


J. 


Cr, 


By  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 
To  Balance, 


L.3 


200 


200 


00 


00 


1     I      200 


200 


00 


00 


My  own  interest  in  Co.  'A.  is  represented  in  the  account  of  Merchandise  just  closed.     The  share  of  the  gain  to 
which  I  am  entitled,  I  transfer  to  Cash,  making  Cash  Dr.  to  Profit  and  Loss,  in  my  private  Ledger. 


1846. 


Moses  Allen. 


J. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


June  1. 
Aug.  1. 
Sept.  1. 


By  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 

«  (C  ((         (I 

To  Balance 


L.3 


250 


250 


00 


00 


I 
1 


100 
150 


250 


00 
00 


00 


1846. 


Geobgb  Brown. 


Dr. 


J. 


Cr. 


June  1. 
Sept  1. 


By  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 
To  Balance, 


L.3 


800 


800 


00 


00 


800 


800 


00 


00 


1846. 


John  Allen. 


J. 


Dr. 


Cr, 


June  2. 
Sept  1. 


To  Sundries, 
By  Balance, 


125 


125 


00 


00 


L.3 


125 


125 


00 


00 


_^^ 


ill 


4^ 


U: 


52 


1S46. 


June  2. 

"   4. 

•*  20. 

"  30. 
July  1. 
Aug.  12. 
Sept.  1. 


« 


1S46. 


June  4. 

July  1. 

"   15. 

Sept.  1. 


t( 


1846. 


June  20. 

«  30. 

Aug.  12. 

Sept.  1. 


1846. 


June  25. 
Sept.  1. 


1846. 


Sept.  1. 


(I 


C( 

<( 
({ 
(I 
i( 
<I 
(( 
({ 


DOUBLE  ENTRY. 


LEDGER  Co.  A.,  No.  8  — Continued. 


Profit  and  Loss. 


By  John  Allen, 
Cash,  Co.  A., 
Bills  Receivable, 

it  u 

Cashi  Co.  A., 
Bills  Receivable, 
Cash,  Co.  A., 
To  Cash,  Co.  A. 
"   Merchandise,  Co.  A., 


Cash,  Co.  A. 


To  Sundries, 

By  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 
To  Sundries, 
By  Profit  and  Loss, 
"    Balance, 


Bills  Receivable. 


To  Sundries, 


«         {( 


By  Balance, 


Bills  Payable. 


By  Merchandise,  Co.  A., 
To  Balance, 


Trial  Balance. 


Merchandise,  Co.  A., 
Merchandise, 
Moses  Allen, 
George  Brown, 
John  Allen, 
Profit  and  Loss, 
Cash,  Co.  A., 
Bills  Receivable, 
Bills  Payable, 


J. 


J. 


J. 


L.3 


L. 


1 
2 
2 
2 


Dr. 


J. 


Dr, 


J. 


Dr. 


J. 


Dr. 


J. 


480 


480 


00 


00 


Dr. 


L. 


1780 


125 

41 

1800 

155 


3901 


00 


00 
60 
00 
00 


60 


1 
1 
1 
1 

2 
2 


Cr. 


25 

10 

10 

10 

40 

10 

195 

1 

41 

60 

L.3 

2.58 

40 

300 

00 

300 

Cr. 


1 

90 

00 

1 

200 

00 

1 

50 

1 

1510 

00 

1 
L.3 

41 
1708 

1800 

00 

1800 

00 

60 
40 


00 


Cr. 


1 

60 

00 

1 

1 

60 

00 

1 

35 

00* 

L.3 

155 

155 

00 

155 

00 


00 


Cr. 


480 


480 


00 


00 


Cr. 


1780 
200 
250 

SOO 

300 
91 

480 


3901 


00 
00 
00 
00 

00 
60 

00 


60 


The  Trial  Balance  may  be  made  at  any  time.     It  is  customary  to  make  it  once  a  month,  and  immediately  before 


closing  books. 


% 


DOUBLE  ENTRV. 


53 


LEDGER  Co.  A.,  No.  8— Continued. 


Balance. 

1846. 

S 

•opt.    1. 

By  Merchandise, 

Ik'         ti 

•'    Moses  Allen, 

tt         t( 

"    George  Brown, 

t          i< 

To  John  Allen, 

1          (i 

"    Cash,  Co.  A. 

•          li 

"    Rills  Receivable, 

«          it 

By  Bills  Payable, 

ti            u 

"    Merchandise,  Co.  A., 

• 

L. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


1 

200 

00     i 

1 

250 

00     ! 

1 

SOO 

00    1 

1 

125 

00 

' 

2 

170S 

40 

2 

155 

00 

o 

4S0 

00 

1 

258 

40 

19SS 

40     ' 

1988 

40 

Since  all  the  Merchandise  in  the  foregoing  Company  has  been  sold,  the  diflerence  between  the  Dr.  and  the  Cr.  of 
Balance,  must  be  the  profit.  Merchandise  in  Co.  must  be  closed  in  the  same  manner  as  the  Stock  account.  It  remains 
now  to  divide  the  profit  among  the  partners. 

I  had  in  Co.,  $200  for  3  months,  or  $200  X  3  =  600  for  1  month. 


Moses  Allen,  $100  for  2  months,  $100  X  2  =  200  ) 
Do.         $250  for  1  month,      250  X  1=250  } 


George  Brown,  $800  for  3  months,    800  X  3  = 


450 
2400 


3450 
My  Share. 


((   (( 


it 


ti 


As  $3450:    600  ::  258,40  :    44,93 

3450:    450::  258,40:    33,70     Moses  Allen's. 
3450  :  2400  : :  258,40  :  179,75    George  Brown's. 

The  teacher  should  now  give  to  the  pupil  an  inventory  and  a  few  transactions,  to  be  posted  from  the  Waste  Book  to 
tfie  Ledger,  witliout  a  Journal.  After  having  closed  and  balanced  five  cr  six  sets  of  books  in  this  manner,  the  pupil  will 
find  no  diflSoulty  in  keeping  the  books  of  any  wholesale  or  retail  mercantile  house. 


*£. 


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CONTRACTIONS  IN  MERCANTILE  ARITHMETIC. 


MULTIPLICATION  AND  DIVISION. 


(1.)  In  every  fraction,  the  numerator  is  a  dividend,  and 
the  denominator  is  a  divisor ;  as,  f  is  equal  to  2. 

(2.)  To  muhiply  several  fractions.  Multiply  all  the  nu- 
merators for  a  new  numerator,  and  all  tlie  denominators  for 
a  new  denominator ;  then  reduce  the  fraction  to  its  lowest 
terms. 

Keample  1 .     Multiply  f  by  J  by  |  by  |  by  j% = ^io%  = 


i 


Ans. 


(3.)  Contracted  by  cancelling  each  numerator  and  de- 
nominator when  they  are  alike,  or  by  dividing  them  by  a 
common  divisor :  —  thus, 

^by^by-by-by^=-=^ 

(4.)  The  answer  is  composed  of  the  figures  that  remain 
after  cancelling. 

Example  2.     What  cost  16  yards  of  cloth,  a  $2. 12 J  per 
yard? 
$2.12-^  =  2|  =  V-  and  Jf  X  16  =  17  X  2  =  $34.00  Ans. 

Example  3.  What  cost  12  bushels  of  wheat,  «  $1.25  per 
bushel  ? 

$1.25  =  lJ  =  fand|Xl2  =  5x3  =  $15.00  Ans. 

Example  4.  Bartered  48  bbls.  of  flour,  a  $6.00  per  bbl, 
for  cloth,  (B  $8.00  per  yard ;  how  much  cloth  was  received  ? 

48x6-00 
8.00 
Cancel  by  dividing  by  8  and  100,  and  the  answer  is  36. 

Example  5.  Multiply  464  by  680,  and  divide  by  232 ; 
then  multiply  the  quotient  by  24,  and  divide  by  816. 

464x680x24 
232  X  10  X  816 
2X2X 1=^—1 
IX 1 X 1=1 
Cancel  by  dividing  an  upper  and  lower  term  by  232,  10, 34, 
and  24.     Ans.     4. 

(6.)   To  Multiply  any  number  by  25. 
Rule.     Annex  two  ciphers  and  divide  by  4. 


Example  6. 


676x25  = 


4)67600 


16900    Ans. 

(6.)  To  multiply  by    12i,  annex  2  ciphers  and  divide  by  8. 

16|       "     "       "        "       "      "  6. 

33J       "     "       "        "       "      "  3. 

125        "    3      "       "       "      "  8. 


u 
u 
u 


(( 


(I 


(7.)    To  divide   any  number  by   the   same   quantities, 
25,  12i,  &c. 

1.  What  are  the  parts  of  every  vulgar  fractioal 

2.  Rule  for  multiplying  fractions  ? 

3.  How  may  a  fraction  be  contracted  ? 

4.  Of  what  is  the  answer  composed  ?    Perform  on  the  black-board 
the  diflerent  examples. 

5.  What  is  the  rule  for  multiplying  by  25  ? 


Rule.  Multiply  by  4, 8, 6,  3,  and  8,  and  cut  oflTas  many 
figures  from  the  product  as  there  were  ciphers  annexed  in 
Sections  5  and  6. 

Example  7.     Divide  16900  by  25. 

16900x4=^76.00.     Ans.   676. 

(8.)    To  multiply  by  any  number  of  9's. 
Rule.     Annex  as  many  ciphers  as  there  are  9's,  and  sub- 
tract the  number  to  be  multiplied. 

Example  8.     Multiply  87635  by  999. 

87635000 
87635 

87517365 
(9.)   To  multiply  by  any  number  from  10  to  19  inclusive. 
RuLfe.     Multiply  together  the  unit  figures ;  to  the  lO's  in 
the  product,  add  the  mm  of  the  unit  figures,  and  increase 
the  hundreds  by  1. 

Example  9.     Multiply  19  by  19. 

9X9=   81 
9-1-9=18 

361 

To  perform  this  question  mentally,  say  9  times  9  ore  81, 
—  9  and  9  are  18,  added  to  8  arc  26,  making  261,  to  100 
make  361. 

(10.)  The  ordinary  rule  for  discount  found  in  arithmetics 
is  not  generally  applied  by  merchants  and  banking  institu- 
tions ;  but  it  is  the  usual  custom  to  deduct  the  interest  from 
the  sum  to  be  discounted. 

(11.)  To  find  the  interest  of  any  sum  of  dollars  for  60 
days,  •  6  per  cent. 

Rule.  Cut  off  two  figures  from  the  right  for  cents,  and 
those  on  the  left  will  be  dollars.  But  if  there  are  cents  in  the 
given  sum,  cut  off  four  figures  from  the  right. 

Example  10.  What  is  the  interest  of  $465  for  60  days,  •  6 
per  cent.  ?     Ans.     $4.65. 

Example  11.  What  is  the  interest  of  $864.25  for  2 
months,  •  6  per  cent.  ?    Ans.     $8.64|. 

(12.)  A  dollar,  •  6  per  cent.,  will  gain  1  mill  in  6  days ; 
therefore,  to  find  'the  interest  of  any  sum  of  dollars  for  any 
time,  multiply  the  sum  by  J  of  the  number  of  days  and  the 
product  is  tne  answer  in  mills. 

Example  12.  What  is  the  interest  of  $643  for  120  days, 
•  6  per  cent.  ? 


543  X  120 
6 


=  10.86,0.     Ans.  $10.86. 


6.  What  IS  the  rule  for  multiplying  by  124,  161,  33»,  125  f 

7.  Rule  for  dividing  by  the  same  quantities  1 

8.  Multiply  by  any  number  of  nines.    Rule,  what? 

9.  Multiply  bv  any  number  from  10  to  19  inclusive,  what? 

10.  What  is  usually  deducted  as  discount  by  banks  and  mer- 
chants ? 

1 1 .  Find  the  interest  of  any  sum  of  dollars  for  60  days  ? 

12.  How  much  will  one  dollar  gaia  ia  6  days,  at  6  per  cent.? 


MERCANTILE  FORMS. 


55 


(13.)  Notes  given  on  time,  discounted  by  banks,  are 
allowed  to  nm  3  days  of  grace  longer  than  the  time  speci- 
fied on  their  faces  for  which  iuterest  is  to  be  paid,  amounting 
to  I  a  mill  for  each  dollar. 

( 14.)  Rule.  To  find  the  interest  for  days  of  grace ;  divide 
tlie  dollars  by  20,  which  will  give  cents. 

(15.)  To  find  the  interest  of  any  number  of  dollars  for  6 
months,  a  5  per  cent. 

Rule.     Annex  1  cipher,  and  divide  by  4. 

Example  13.  What  is  the  interest  of  $482  for  6  months, 
•  5  per  cent,  per  annum  ? 

4)4820 

12.05        Ans.   $12.05. 

(16.)    To  find  the  interest  for  3  months,  m  5  per  cent. 
Rule.     Annex  1  cipher  and  divide  by  8. 
In  casting  interest  there  are  four  quantities  to  be  consid- 
ered ;  viz.,  the  time  (T),  the  rate  (R),  the  interest  (I),  and 

is.  What  are  days  of  grace  ? 

14.  Rule? 

15.  Rule  for  the  interest  for  six  months,  at  five  per  cent.  ? 


the  principle  (P).     Of  the  quantities,  if  three  are  given,  the 
fourth  may  be  obtained. 

(17.)    To   find  the  interest  (I),  the   other  three  being 
given. 

Rule.     MuUiply  the  principle  by  the   rate  (R)  for  the 
time  (T),  and  the  product  is  the  answer. 

(18.)    There  are  three  cases  remaining;  viz., 

T,  R,  I  may  be  given  to  find  P. 

T,       I,  P        "     "      "      "     «    R, 
R,  I,  P       «    «      «     «    "    T. 
Rule  1.        Find  the  interest  on  SI,  P. 

"     2.  "       «         "       at  1  per  cent,     R. 

"     3.  "       "         "       fori  year,  T. 

and  divide  the  given  interest  (I)  by  the  interest  found. 

It  may  be  seen  that  we  here  assume  one  of  that  quantity 
which  we  wish  to  find. 

Ifi.  Rule  for  three  months  ? 

How  many  quantities  are  regarded  in  interest  ? 

Name  the  initials  in  their  order. 

17.  To  find  the  interest  ? 

18.  Rule  for  the  three  cases  remaining? 

Of  what  do  we  assume  1  in  the  last  three  cases? 


MERCANTILE  FORMS. 


Cash  Receipts. 


$1000.00 

Received,  Boston,  Jan.  1, 1846,  from  George  Swan, 
one  thousand  dollars. 

John  Merchant. 

Receipt  for  Goods. 

Received,  Boston,  Jan.  2,  1846,  from  Henry  Brown,  4 
dozen  of  Bibles,  in  full  of  all  accounts. 

SAMtJEL  Brown. 


A  Note  for  a  limited  time. 


$800.00. 


Receipt  for  Money  on  Trust. 


$.500.00. 


Received,  Boston,  Jan.  10,  1846,  from  John  Ome, 
on  trust  for  Samuel  Wade,  five  hundred  dollars. 

George  Dix. 


A  Note  Payable  on  Demand. 


$200.00. 


-    ^t^ 


For  value  received,  I  promise  to  pay  to  John  Bent, 
or  order,  two  hundred  dollars  on  demand,  with  interest. 

«  _       Caleb  Burt. 

Boston,  Jan.  20,  1846. 


Boston,  January  10,  1S46. 
Two  months  from  date,  I  promise  to  pay  to  A.  Se 
A.  Lawrence,  or  order,  eight  hundred  dollars,  value  received. 

George  Babb. 

On  the  day  of  its  date,  the  holders  of  the  above  note  may 
present  it  at  a  bank  and  receive  cash,  discounting  6  pa 
cent. ;  thus, 

20  )8.00.00  800.00 

.40  8.40 


8.40  • 
See  Sections  11  and  14. 


791.60 


To  transfer  the  foregoing  note,  John  Bent  writes  his  name 
on  the  middle  of  the  back.  A  note  containing  the  words 
"  or  bearer"  m  place  of  "  or  order,"  is  transferable  without 
an  endorsement 


Drafts  or  Orders 

Are  directions  from  one  person  to  another  to  pay  money, 
or  deliver  goods  to  the  order  of  the  drawer,  or  to  a  third 
person  named  in  the  draft. 

A  draft  should  not  be  made  without  a  mutual  under- 
standing between  the  drawer  and  the  drawee.  When  pre- 
sented, the  drawee  writes  his  name  beneath  the  wotd 
"  Accepted"  written  across  the  face  of  the  draft. 


$400.00 


Form  of  a  Draft. 

Boston,  Jan.  10,  1S46. 

Thirty  days  from  date,  pay  to  my  order,  four  him- 
dred  dollars,  value  received ;  and  place  the  same  to  my 
count. 

IvICHARD    RrrsH. 

To  Shaw,  Blake  &;  Co.,  Boston. 


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MEIICANTILE  FORMS. 


Bills  of  Kxchange 

Are  foreign  drafts  iiiailo  for  the  convenience  of  persons 
who  wish  not  to  convey  money  across  the  ocean,  subject  to 
tlie  dangers  of  the  sea.  To  ensure  the  safety  of  the  trans- 
action, the  drawer  sends  three  or  four  copies  of  the  bill, 
noting  on  each  its  number,  and  the  numWrs  of  those  that 
are  to  be  considered  as  parts  of  the  same  set ;  only  one  of 
wliich  is  to  be  paid. 


Form. 
No.  1. 


£1500. 


Boston,  Jan.  25,  1S46. 


At  sight  of  this,  my  first  copy  of  exchange,  (the  sec- 
ond and  third  being  unpaid,)  pay  to  the  order  of  John  Mur- 
ray, fifteen  hundred  pounds,  and  place  the  siync  to  the 

account  of  *  t  t> 

James  Prince. 

To  Baring  &  Brothers,  London. 


Two  other  bills  are  to  be  sent,  difTcring  from  the  foregoing 
only  in  their  number,  and  in  the  words  included  in  the 
parenthesis ;  which,  in  form  2,  should  be  written,  (the  first 
and  the  third  being  unpaid ;)  in  the  third  form,  (the  first  and 
the  second  being  unpaid.) 

Form  of  a  Bill  of  Goods  or  Invoice. 

Suleni,  Jan.  9,  1846. 
J.  A.  C.  Butters, 

Bo't  of  John  P.  Jewett  &  Co. 

10  doz.  of  ToAvndrow's  Writing  Book,  A  $1.00,  SIO.OO 
6  reams  of  letter  paper,  0  S4.00,  24.0(» 

100  Beecher's  Lectures,  A  .50,  60.00 

40  gross  of  Gillott's  No.  303  pens,  «  $1.00,  40.00 

Rec'd  pay'i  in  Cash,  S124.00 

John  P.  Jewett  &  Co. 


Form  of  a  Check  Book  with  Merchant's  Ba?ik. 


1S46. 

Dr. 

Cr. 

June  15. 

Deposited  in  Cash, 

1000 

00 

"      24. 

Withdrew  for  R.  Moore,  No.  1, 

200 

00 

"      28. 

"   J.  Dix,  No.  2, 

100 

00 

July     3. 

Deposited  in  Cash, 

soo 

00 

1 

"       10. 

Withdrew  for  J.  Alley,  No.  3, 

500 

GO 

"       15. 

"    Charles  B.  Holmes,  No.  4, 

1000 

00 

«      20. 

Deposited  in  Cash, 

1200 

00 

«      22. 

it        i( 

Withdrew  for  D.  Taylor, 
Remaining  on  deposite, 

800 

00 

400 

00 

1 

Form  of  a  Table  for  Bills  Receivable. 


Date. 

Account  of. 

Drawn  on. 

Time. 

Due. 

S  Amount. 

Result. 

,as46. 

Jan.  20. 

"      30. 
Feb.  12. 

"      15. 

Caleb  Burt. 
R.  Snow. 
P.  Chase. 
F.  May. 

Himself. 
L.  Frost. 
N.  Bond. 
R.  King. 

2  months. 
4  months. 
6  months. 
4  months. 

March  20. 
May  30. 
August  12. 
June  15. 

1200 

1000 

500 

200 

00 
00 
00 
00 

Form  of  a  Table  for  Bills  Payable. 


Given. 


Drawn  by. 


Payable  to. 


Time. 


Due. 


$  Amount. 


Result. 


June  20. 

R.  King 

"     30. 

F.  Dix. 

July   10. 

N.  Lip^t 

"        lL>. 

^Myself. 

"      15. 

•  • 

P.  Swain. 
J.  Prince. 
S.  Paine. 
K.  .M  u.i. 
.\.  Win.. 


2  months. 

3  months. 

4  months. 

2  montljs. 

3  nuM;lis; 


August  20. 
September  30. 
November  10. 
SepTomlM  r  12. 
Ortoln'r  15. 


450 

00 

600 

00 

400 

00 

200 

00 

300 

ro 

The  Invoice  Book  consists  of  thick  paper,  on  which  are 
pasted  all  invoices  of  goods  received. 

In  the  Invoice  Book  of  goods  delivered,  are  to  be  copied 
duplicates  of  the  invoices  or  bills 'of  goods  delivered. 

The  Account  Current  Book  contains  individual  accounts, 
transcribed  from  the  Ledger. 

A  Letter  Book  for  letters  se;it,  contains  a  duplicate  of  let- 


ters sent,  most  conveniently  taken  on  thin  paper  by  a  copy- 
ing machine. 

A  Letter  Book  for  letters  received,  is  made  of  thick  ^  ,  or, 
on  which  the  margin  of  the  letters  may  be  pasted. 

Other  books  are  kept,  variMng  in  their  form  and  nature, 
according  to  the  character  and  extent  of  the  business  I  hey 
are  designed  to  facilitate. 


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END  OF 
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